# US 2018/0027518 A1 · Proximity sensing using spectral analysis > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2018/0027518 A1 - Document ID: US20180027518A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 15/218,925 - Filed: 2016-07-25 - Published: 2018-01-25 - Earliest claimed: 2016-07-25 - Assignees: QUALCOMM Incorporated - Applicants: QUALCOMM Incorporated - Inventors: Karthikeyan Sugumaran; Senthilkumar Murugesan; Sathish Kumar Kannan - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20180027518A1 ## CPC - H04W 64/00: Locating users or terminals {or network equipment} for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management - H04W 12/06: Authentication - H04W 72/21: in the uplink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards the network - H04W 72/23: in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal - H04W 12/79: Radio fingerprint - H04W 84/12: WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks] - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) ## Abstract Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. An access point (AP) may transmit a reference waveform that is received by a station (STA) and the AP. The AP and the STA may perform spectral analysis on the received waveform to determine spectral characteristics of the waveform. The AP may receive, from the STA, spectral characteristics for the reference waveform as received at the STA and may compare the spectral characteristics from the STA to the spectral characteristics determined by the AP. If the spectral characteristics are similar, the AP may determine that the STA is within close proximity. If the spectral characteristics are different, the AP may determine that the STA is not within close proximity. The AP may authenticate the STA based on the sensed proximity of the STA. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus for wireless communication, in a system comprising: a memory that stores instructions; and a processor coupled with the memory, wherein the processor and memory are configured to: receive a reference waveform; determine spectral characteristics for the reference waveform; transmit, to an access point, a report including the determined spectral characteristics; and receive, from the access point and in response to the transmitted report, an indication of a sensed proximity between the access point and the apparatus. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the reference waveform is received from the access point. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the received indication of the sensed proximity comprises at least one of a proximity report, an authentication grant, or an authentication denial, or a combination thereof. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor and memory are further configured to: connect to the access point based at least in part on the received indication of the sensed proximity. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor and memory are further configured to: exchange, with the access point, at least measurement capabilities, or configuration parameters for determining the spectral characteristics, or a combination thereof. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the reference waveform is a pseudo-random signal unknown to the apparatus. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the determined spectral characteristics for the reference waveform comprise at least one of a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), a fast Fourier transform (FFT) bin, a peak magnitude, a frequency, a signal level, or a noise floor, or a combination thereof. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is a wireless communication terminal and further comprises an antenna and a transceiver. ### Claim 9 An apparatus for wireless communication, in a system comprising: a memory that stores instructions; and a processor coupled with the memory, wherein the processor and memory are configured to: receive a reference waveform at the apparatus; determine spectral characteristics for the received reference waveform; receive, from a station, a report of spectral characteristics for the reference waveform as received at the station; and sense a proximity of the station to the apparatus based at least in part on a comparison of the determined spectral characteristics for the received reference waveform and the spectral characteristics for the reference waveform as received at the station. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor and memory are further configured to: transmit, to the station, an indication of the sensed proximity. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor and memory are further configured to: transmit the reference waveform by the apparatus, wherein the apparatus receives the transmitted reference waveform. ### Claim 12 (depends on 9) The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor and memory are configured to sense the proximity by being configured to: correlate the determined spectral characteristics for the reference waveform with the spectral characteristics for the reference waveform as received at the station. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the processor and memory are configured to correlate the determined spectral characteristics by being configured to: construct a first spectrogram based at least in part on the determined spectral characteristics; and determine a correlation value from a correlation between the first spectrogram and a second spectrogram constructed based at least in part on the spectral characteristics for the reference waveform as received at the station, wherein sensing the proximity of the station to the apparatus is based at least in part on the determined correlation value. ### Claim 14 (depends on 9) The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor and memory are further configured to: determine that the sensed proximity satisfies a predetermined threshold; and allow a connection with the station based at least in part on the determination that the sensed proximity satisfies the predetermined threshold. ### Claim 15 (depends on 9) The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor and memory are further configured to: determine that the sensed proximity fails to satisfy a predetermined threshold; and refrain from allowing a connection with the station based at least in part on the determination that the sensed proximity does not satisfy the predetermined threshold. ### Claim 16 (depends on 9) The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processor and memory are further configured to: exchange, with the station, at least measurement capabilities, or configuration parameters for determining the spectral characteristics, or a combination thereof. ### Claim 17 (depends on 9) The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the reference waveform is a pseudo-random signal known to the apparatus and unknown to the station. ### Claim 18 (depends on 9) The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the apparatus is an access point and further comprises an antenna and a transceiver. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the access point further comprises: an auxiliary transmitter to transmit the reference waveform. ### Claim 20 A method for wireless communication at a station, comprising: receiving a reference waveform; determining spectral characteristics for the reference waveform; transmitting, to an access point, a report including the determined spectral characteristics; and receiving, from the access point and in response to the transmitted report, an indication of a sensed proximity between the access point and the station. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the reference waveform is received from the access point. ### Claim 22 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the received indication of the sensed proximity comprises at least one of a proximity report, an authentication grant, or an authentication denial, or a combination thereof. ### Claim 23 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, further comprising: connecting to the access point based at least in part on the received indication of the sensed proximity. ### Claim 24 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, further comprising: exchanging, with the access point, at least measurement capabilities, or configuration parameters for determining the spectral characteristics, or a combination thereof. ### Claim 25 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the determined spectral characteristics for the reference waveform comprise at least one of a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), a fast Fourier transform (FFT) bin, a peak magnitude, a frequency, a signal level, or a noise floor, or a combination thereof. ### Claim 26 A method for wireless communication at an access point, comprising: receiving a reference waveform at the access point; determining spectral characteristics for the received reference waveform; receiving, from a station, a report of spectral characteristics for the reference waveform as received at the station; and sensing a proximity of the station to the access point based at least in part on a comparison of the determined spectral characteristics for the received reference waveform and the spectral characteristics for the reference waveform as received at the station. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The method of claim 26, further comprising: transmitting, to the station, an indication of the sensed proximity. ### Claim 28 (depends on 26) The method of claim 26, further comprising: transmitting the reference waveform by the access point, wherein the access point receives the transmitted reference waveform. ### Claim 29 (depends on 26) The method of claim 26, wherein the comparison comprises: correlating the determined spectral characteristics for the reference waveform with the spectral characteristics for the reference waveform as received at the station. ### Claim 30 (depends on 26) The method of claim 26, further comprising: determining that the sensed proximity satisfies a predetermined threshold; and allowing a connection with the station based at least in part on the determination that the sensed proximity satisfies the predetermined threshold.