# US 2018/0023599 A1 · Phononic materials used to control turbulent flow > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2018/0023599 A1 - Document ID: US20180023599A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 15/636,639 - Filed: 2017-06-29 - Published: 2018-01-25 - Earliest claimed: 2014-07-28 - Assignees: The Regents of the University of Colorado, a body corporate - Applicants: The Regents of the University of Colorado, a body corporate - Inventors: Mahmoud Hussein; Sedat Biringen - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20180023599A1 ## CPC - F15D 1/006: {comprising moving surfaces, wherein the surface, or at least a portion thereof is moved or deformed by the fluid flow} - B64C 21/10: using other surface properties, e.g. roughness - F15D 1/003: {comprising surface features, e.g. indentations or protrusions (F15D1/0055, F15D1/006 take precedence)} - F15D 1/06: by influencing the boundary layer - G10K 11/16: Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general (G10K11/36 takes precedence) - G10K 11/162: Selection of materials - G10K 11/165: Particles in a matrix - F15D: FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS - B64C: AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS - G10K: SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR ## Abstract A phononic material and a method of using a phononic material for use in interacting with a fluid or solid flow are provided. The phononic material includes an interface surface and a subsurface feature. The interface surface is adapted to move in response to a pressure, and/or velocity gradients, associated with complex motion of a turbulent flow exhibiting a polarity of frequencies exerted on the interface surface. The subsurface feature extends from the interface surface. The subsurface feature comprises a phononic crystal or locally resonant metamaterial adapted to receive the pressure, and/or velocity gradients, from the turbulent flow via the interface surface and alter the phase and amplitude of a polarity of frequency components of the turbulent flow in order to reduce or increase the kinetic energy of the turbulent flow. The interface surface is adapted to vibrate at a polarity of frequencies, phases and amplitudes in response to the frequency, phase and amplitude of at least one component of the turbulent flow. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A phononic material for use in interacting with a turbulent fluid or solid flow, the phononic material comprising: an interface surface adapted to move in response to at least one of a pressure and a velocity gradient associated with complex motion of a turbulent flow exhibiting a plurality of frequencies exerted on the interface surface; and a subsurface feature extending from the interface surface, the subsurface feature comprising a phononic crystal or locally resonant metamaterial adapted to receive the at least one of the pressure and the velocity gradient from the turbulent flow via the interface surface and alter phase and amplitude of a plurality of frequency components of the turbulent flow. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The phononic material of claim 1 wherein the complex motion comprises a plurality of frequency domain components. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The phononic material of claim 1 wherein the complex motion comprises a plurality of frequency domain components across a spectrum of frequencies. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The phononic material of claim 1 wherein the interface surface is adapted to vibrate at a plurality of frequencies in response to the at least one of the pressure and the velocity gradient. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The phononic material of claim 1 wherein the interface surface is adapted to vibrate at a plurality of frequencies, phases and amplitudes in response to at least one component of the turbulent flow selected from the group comprising: frequency, the pressure, and the velocity gradient. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The phononic material of claim 1 wherein the subsurface feature comprises a negative net performance metric, PC=∫ωlωuP(ω)dω, wherein ωl and ωu comprise lower and upper frequencies, respectively, of a dominant energy range in the turbulent flow. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The phononic material of claim 6 wherein the subsurface feature is adapted to reduce kinetic energy within the turbulent flow. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The phononic material of claim 6 wherein the subsurface feature is adapted to reduce formation or development of an energy cascade characteristic of partially or fully developed turbulence. ### Claim 9 (depends on 6) The phononic material of claim 6 wherein the subsurface feature is adapted to reduce friction drag caused by the turbulent flow along the interface surface. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The phononic material of claim 1 wherein the subsurface feature comprises a positive net performance metric, PC=∫ωlωuP(ω)dω, wherein ωl and ωu comprise lower and upper frequencies, respectively, of a dominant energy range in the turbulent flow. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The phononic material of claim 10 wherein the subsurface feature is adapted to enhance kinetic energy within the turbulent flow. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The phononic material of claim 10 wherein the subsurface feature is adapted to increase formation or development of an energy cascade characteristic of partially or fully developed turbulence. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The phononic material of claim 10 wherein the subsurface feature is adapted to increase friction drag caused by the turbulent flow along the interface surface. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) The phononic material of claim 10 wherein the subsurface feature is adapted to increase mixing within the turbulent flow. ### Claim 15 (depends on 10) The phononic material of claim 10 wherein a fluid-structure interaction through the interface takes place over numerous cycles or temporal periods. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The phononic material of claim 1 wherein the interface surface is disposed juxtaposed a flow surface. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The phononic material of claim 1 wherein the interface surface is disposed at a flow surface or behind a flow surface and is adapted to interact with a flow. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The phononic material of claim 1 wherein a flow surface is interposed between the interface surface and a flow and the interface surface is adapted to interact with the flow through the flow surface. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The phononic material of claim 1 wherein interfaced surface is integrated with a flow surface. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) The phononic material of claim 1 wherein the turbulent flow comprises one or more of an internal flow and an external flow. ### Claim 21 A method of controlling a flow comprising: moving an interface surface in response to at least one of a pressure and a velocity gradient associated with complex motion of a turbulent flow exhibiting a plurality of frequencies exerted on the interface surface; and receiving the at least one of the pressure and the velocity gradient, via a subsurface feature extending from the interface surface, the subsurface feature comprising a phononic crystal or locally resonant metamaterial; altering phase and amplitude of a plurality of frequency components of the turbulent flow via the subsurface feature; and vibrating the interface surface at a phase and amplitude of a plurality of frequency components of the turbulent flow. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The phononic material of claim 21 wherein the complex motion comprises a plurality of frequency domain components. ### Claim 23 (depends on 21) The phononic material of claim 21 wherein the interface surface is adapted to vibrate at a plurality of frequencies in response to the pressure and/or velocity gradients. ### Claim 24 (depends on 21) The phononic material of claim 21 wherein the interface surface is adapted to vibrate at a plurality of frequencies, phases and amplitudes in response to the frequency, pressure, and/or velocity gradients of at least one component of the turbulent flow. ### Claim 25 (depends on 21) The phononic material of claim 21 wherein the subsurface feature comprises a negative net performance metric, PC=∫ωlωuP(ω)dω, wherein ωl and ωu comprise lower and upper frequencies, respectively, of a dominant energy range in the turbulent flow.