# US 2018/0021698 A1 · Emulsion foam reducer for wet processing of cellulose or woodbased products or in food processing

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- Number: US 2018/0021698 A1
- Document ID: US20180021698A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 15/551,831
- Filed: 2016-02-18
- Published: 2018-01-25
- Earliest claimed: 2015-02-18
- Assignees: State Line Holdings, LLC
- Applicants: State Line Holdings, LLC
- Inventors: Joseph W. HUNDLEY; Steven A. DUNWOODY; David M. HUNDLEY
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20180021698A1

## CPC

- B01D 19/0404: {characterised by the nature of the chemical substance}
- A23L 27/80: {Emulsions}
- A23L 29/10: containing emulsifiers
- B01D 19/04: by addition of chemical substances
- B01D 19/0413: {compounds containing N-atoms}
- D21H 17/02: Material of vegetable origin (proteins D21H17/22; lignins D21H17/23; polysaccharides D21H17/24; rosin D21H17/62)
- D21H 17/04: Hydrocarbons
- D21H 17/06: Alcohols; Phenols; Ethers; Aldehydes; Ketones; Acetals; Ketals
- D21H 17/14: Carboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof
- D21H 17/60: Waxes
- D21H 17/64: Alkaline compounds
- D21H 17/72: {of organic material}
- D21H 17/74: {of organic and inorganic material}
- D21H 21/12: Defoamers
- D21H 21/20: Wet strength agents
- D21H 27/18: Paper- or board-based structures for surface covering
- A23V 2002/00: Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
- B01D: SEPARATION (separating solids from solids by wet methods B03B, B03D; by pneumatic jigs or tables B03B; by other dry methods B07; magnetic or electrostatic separation of solid materials from solid materials or fluids, separation by high-voltage electric fields B03C; centrifuges, vortex apparatus B04; presses per se for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material B30B9/02; treatment of water C02F, e.g. softening by ion-exchange C02F1/42; {arrangements of air intake cleaners in gas turbine plants F02C7/05} ; arrangements or mounting of filters in air-conditioning, air-humidification or ventilation F24F13/28)
- A23L: FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF (preservation thereof A23B)
- D21H: PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- A23V: INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION

## Abstract

An emulsion is provided for defoaming water used in processing of various products such as cellulose or wood-based products or in food processing which is formed by reacting a fatty acid with a compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, sodium, potassium and combinations thereof so as to form a water soluble soap, dispersing the water soluble soap in water and homogenizing the dispersed water soluble soap with hydrophobic oil or hydrocarbon oil to produce the emulsion. Methods for preparing the emulsion and using the emulsion are also provided. The emulsion is advantageous in that it can improve water resistance and/or reduce the use of water resistant additives during processing of cellulose or wood-based products or food-grade products.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An emulsion composition comprising an emulsion formed by:
reacting a fatty acid with a compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, sodium, potassium and combinations thereof so as to form a water soluble soap;
dispersing the water soluble soap in water; and
homogenizing the dispersed water soluble soap with a material selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic oil, hydrocarbon oil, and hydrophobic wax.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The emulsion composition of claim 1 wherein the fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of stearic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, cerotic acid, palmitoleic acid, sepienic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, vaccennic acid, linoleic acid, linolaidic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, erucic acid, docosahexexaenoic acid, tall oil and mixtures thereof.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The emulsion composition of claim 1 wherein the composition comprises:
Water
5-95%
Fatty Acid
0.4%-20%
A base selected from the group consisting of ammonia,
0.02-5%
solutions of ammonia, hydroxides of sodium
or potassium, and combinations thereof
Hydrophobic Oil, Hydrocarbon Oil or Hydrophobic Wax
2-90%.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The emulsion composition of claim 1 wherein the composition comprises:
Water
5-95%
Stearic Acid
0.4%-20%
A base selected from the group consisting of ammonia,
0.02-5%
solutions of ammonia, hydroxides of sodium
or potassium, and combinations thereof
Hydrocarbon oil selected from the group consisting of
2-90%.
bio diesel, diesel, Kerosene, mineral spirits, mineral oil,
vegetable oils or fats, and combinations thereof:

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The emulsion composition of claim 1 wherein the composition comprises:
Water
30-80%
Stearic Acid
0.4%-10%
A base selected from the group consisting
0.02-5%
of ammonia and solutions of ammonia
Paraffin wax or paraffin oil or blends thereof:
14-69%.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The emulsion composition of claim 1 wherein the composition comprises:
Water
30-80%
Stearic Acid
0.4%-10%
A base selected from the group consisting
0.02-5%
of ammonia and solutions of ammonia
Bio diesel
8-69%.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The emulsion composition of claim 1 wherein the pH is between 6 and 9.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The emulsion composition of claim 1 wherein the pH is at least 9.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The emulsion composition of claim 1 wherein the pH is at least 10.

### Claim 10

A method of making an emulsion comprising:
reacting a fatty acid with ammonia, sodium, or potassium, or combinations thereof to form a soap solution;
adding a hydrophobic oil, a hydrocarbon oil, or a hydrophobic wax to the soap solution and homogenizing until an emulsion is formed.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10 wherein the fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of stearic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, cerotic acid, palmitoleic acid, sepienic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, vaccennic acid, linoleic acid, linolaidic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, erucic acid, docosahexexaenoic acid, tall oil and mixtures thereof.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10 wherein the emulsion composition comprises:
Water
5-95%
Fatty Acid
0.4%-20%
A base selected from the group consisting of ammonia,
0.02-5%
solutions of ammonia, hydroxides of sodium
or potassium, and combinations thereof
Hydrophobic Oil, Hydrocarbon Oil or Hydrophobic Wax
2-90%.

### Claim 13 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10 wherein the emulsion composition comprises:
Water
5-95%
Stearic Acid
0.4%-20%
A base selected from the group consisting of ammonia,
0.02-5%
solutions of ammonia, hydroxides of sodium
or potassium, and combinations thereof
Hydrocarbon oil selected from the group consisting of
2-90%.
bio diesel, diesel, kerosene, mineral spirits, mineral oil,
vegetable oils or fats and combinations thereof:

### Claim 14 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10 wherein the emulsion composition comprises:
Water
30-80%
Stearic Acid
0.4%-10%
A base selected from the group consisting of ammonia and
0.02-5%
solutions of ammonia
Paraffin wax or paraffin oil or blends thereof:
14-69%.

### Claim 15 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10 wherein the emulsion composition comprises:
Water
30-80%
Stearic Acid
0.4%-10%
A base selected from the group consisting of ammonia,
0.02-5%
and solutions of ammonia
Bio diesel
8-69%.

### Claim 16 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10 wherein the pH is between 6 and 9.

### Claim 17 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10 wherein the pH is at least 9.

### Claim 18 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10 wherein the pH is at least 10.

### Claim 19 (depends on 10)

An emulsion produced by the method of claim 10.

### Claim 20 (depends on 1)

A method of defoaming a liquid comprising:
providing an emulsion composition according to claim 1; and
adding said emulsion to a liquid which contains ions of calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum and/or zinc in a manner to evenly disperse the emulsion and allow for the fatty acid soap in said emulsion to react-with ions of calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum and/or zinc ions in the liquid to form hydrophobic particles capable of breaking foam bubbles in said liquid.

### Claim 21 (depends on 20)

The method of claim 20 wherein the fatty acid in the fatty acid soap is selected from the group consisting of stearic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, cerotic acid, palmitoleic acid, sepienic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, vaccennic acid, linoleic acid, linolaidic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, erucic acid, docosahexexaenoic acid, tall oil and mixtures thereof.

### Claim 22 (depends on 20)

The method of claim 20 wherein the emulsion composition comprises:
Water
5-95%
Fatty Acid
0.4%-20%
A base selected from the group consisting of ammonia,
0.02-5%
solutions of ammonia, hydroxides of sodium
or potassium, and combinations thereof
Hydrophobic Oil, Hydrocarbon Oil or Hydrophobic Wax
2-90%.

### Claim 23 (depends on 20)

The method of claim 20 wherein the emulsion composition comprises:
Water
5-95%
Stearic Acid
0.4%-20%
A base selected from the group consisting of ammonia,
0.02-5%
solutions of ammonia, hydroxides of sodium
or potassium, and combinations thereof
Hydrocarbon oil selected from the group consisting of
2-90%.
bio diesel, diesel, kerosene, mineral spirits, mineral oil,
vegetable oils or fats and combinations thereof:

### Claim 24 (depends on 20)

The method of claim 20 wherein the emulsion composition comprises:
Water
30-80%
Stearic Acid
0.4%-10%
A base selected from the group consisting of ammonia
0.02-5%
and solutions of ammonia
Paraffin wax or paraffin oil or blends thereof:
14-69%.

### Claim 25 (depends on 20)

The method of claim 20 wherein the emulsion composition comprises:
Water
30-80%
Stearic Acid
0.4%-10%
A base selected from the group consisting of ammonia
0.02-5%
and solutions of ammonia
Bio diesel
8-69%.

### Claim 26 (depends on 20)

The method of claim 20 wherein the pH of the emulsion composition is between 6 and 9.

### Claim 27 (depends on 20)

The method of claim 20 wherein the pH of the emulsion composition is at least 9.

### Claim 28 (depends on 20)

The method of claim 20 wherein the pH of the emulsion composition is at least 10.

### Claim 29

A method of manufacturing an emulsion comprising water, paraffin wax or paraffin oil, ammonia stearate or other ammonia fatty acid soap, or combinations thereof, said method comprising:
providing a hot water solution of ammonia fatty acid soap;
adding blends of paraffin wax or paraffin oil or combinations thereof to said hot soap solution; and
mixing and homogenizing said hot soap solution until particle size is reduced sufficiently to produce stable emulsion.

### Claim 30 (depends on 29)

The method of claim 29 wherein the fatty acid in the ammonia fatty acid soap is selected from the group consisting of stearic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, cerotic acid, palmitoleic acid, sepienic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, vaccennic acid, linoleic acid, linolaidic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, erucic acid, docosahexexaenoic acid, tall oil and mixtures thereof.

### Claim 31 (depends on 29)

The method of claim 29 wherein the emulsion composition comprises:
Water
6-85%
Fatty Acid
0.4%-20%
A base selected from the group consisting of ammonia
0.02-5%
and solutions of ammonia
Paraffin wax or Paraffin Oil or combinations thereof:
14-69%.

### Claim 32 (depends on 29)

The method of claim 29 wherein the emulsion composition comprises:
Water
6-85%
Stearic Acid
0.4%-20%
A base selected from the group consisting of ammonia
0.02-5%
and solutions of ammonia
Paraffin wax or Paraffin Oil or combinations thereof
14-69%.

### Claim 33 (depends on 29)

The method of claim 29 wherein the pH of the emulsion composition is between 6 and 9.

### Claim 34 (depends on 29)

The method of claim 29 wherein the pH of the emulsion composition is at least 9.

### Claim 35 (depends on 29)

The method of claim 29 wherein the pH of the emulsion composition is at least 10.

### Claim 36 (depends on 29)

An emulsion produced by the method of claim 29.

### Claim 37 (depends on 1)

A method of reducing foam in water used in processing of manufactured board, paperboard or other cellulose or wood based product or food processing, comprising:
providing an emulsion according to claim 1;
adding said emulsion to the water used in processing of manufactured board, paperboard or other cellulose or wood based product or in food processing in a manner to evenly distribute emulsion during the process so as to allow the fatty acid soap in said emulsion to react with hardness ions or aluminum ions in the processing water so as to form hydrophobic particles and thus change the soap into a water resistant compound; while also suppressing or eliminating foam in the processing water.

### Claim 38 (depends on 37)

The method of claim 37 wherein the method is used in reducing foam in water used in processing of manufactured board, paperboard or other cellulose or wood based product, and wherein the method further comprises drying or pressing the manufactured board, paperboard or other cellulose or wood based product to produce a finished manufactured board, paperboard or other cellulose or wood based product.

### Claim 39 (depends on 1)

A method of improving water resistance in a finished product and reducing foam in water used in processing of manufactured board, paperboard or other cellulose or wood based product, comprising:
providing an emulsion according to claim 1;
adding said emulsion to the water used in processing of manufactured board, paperboard or other cellulose or wood based product in a manner to evenly distribute emulsion during the process so as to allow the fatty acid soap in said emulsion to react with hardness ions or aluminum ions in the processing water so as to form hydrophobic particles and thus change the soap into a water resistant compound; while also suppressing or eliminating foam in the processing water.

### Claim 40 (depends on 39)

The method of claim 39 wherein the method further comprises drying or pressing the manufactured board, paperboard or other cellulose or wood based product to produce a finished manufactured board, paperboard or other cellulose or wood based product.