# US 2018/0021579 A1 · Method and apparatus for improving cognitive performance > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2018/0021579 A1 - Document ID: US20180021579A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 15/545,927 - Filed: 2016-01-22 - Published: 2018-01-25 - Earliest claimed: 2015-01-24 - Assignees: The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania - Applicants: The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania - Inventors: Michael Kahana; Daniel S. Rizzuto - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20180021579A1 ## CPC - A61N 1/36082: {Cognitive or psychiatric applications, e.g. dementia or Alzheimer's disease} - A61B 5/383: Somatosensory stimuli, e.g. electric stimulation - A61N 1/0531: {Brain cortex electrodes} - A61N 1/36064: {Epilepsy} - A61N 1/36067: {Movement disorders, e.g. tremor or Parkinson disease (stimulating motor muscle A61N1/36003)} - A61N 1/36135: {using physiological parameters} - G16H 20/40: relating to mechanical, radiation or invasive therapies, e.g. surgery, laser therapy, dialysis or acupuncture - A61N 1/0534: {Electrodes for deep brain stimulation} - A61N: ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY (measurement of bioelectric currents A61B; surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body A61B18/00; anaesthetic apparatus in general A61M; incandescent lamps H01K; infrared radiators for heating H05B) - A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D) - G16H: HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA ## Abstract A method for delivering electrical stimulation to alter a cognitive state of a user, the method comprising: monitoring a brain signal from the user via one or more intracranial electrodes implanted in the brain of the user while the user is presented with a stimulus; comparing the brain signal to a testing phase biomarker, wherein the testing phase biomarker is derived from a cognitive test performed on a contributor during a testing phase; delivering electrical stimulation to a brain of the user based on the comparing step to steer the brain of the user towards a high performance cognitive state. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for creating a biomarker indicative of high-performance or low-performance cognition, the method comprising: presenting a stimulus to a user; receiving a response and a brain signal from the user; associating the response and the brain signal with the stimulus; determining that the brain signal corresponds to one of: a high-performance cognitive state of the user and a low-performance cognitive state of the user; and generating a biomarker using the brain signal that corresponds to the one of: the high-performance cognitive state of the user and low-performance cognitive state of the user. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker is a set of one or more features that distinguish a brain signal that corresponds to the high performance cognitive state from a brain signal that corresponds to a low performance cognitive state. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker is associated with a threshold corresponding to a feature of the brain signal. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting the biomarker to a modulation device. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving the brain signal from a modulation device connected to a brain of the user. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: associating the response with the stimulus by comparing the response to the stimulus. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: associating the brain signal with the stimulus by determining whether a time period where the brain signal is monitored by a modulation device overlaps with a time period where the stimulus is presented to the user. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein if the response matches the stimulus, the response is a positive response. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the brain signal corresponds to the high-performance cognitive state of the user if the brain signal is associated with a stimulus having a positive response. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein if the response does not match the stimulus, the response is a negative response. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the brain signal corresponds to the low performance cognitive state of the user if the brain signals are associated with a stimulus having a negative response. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the high performance cognitive state is an accurate memory. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the low performance cognitive state is an inaccurate memory. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: storing the biomarker in a database. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the brain signal is one or more brain signals from one or more users. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: generating a biomarker representative value by applying a dimensionality reduction algorithm to one of: the biomarker and the brain signal ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: optimizing stimulation parameters by applying stimulation to the user using a plurality of selected parameters and selecting one or more of the plurality of selected parameters that causes a desired effect on the user. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) A system for creating a biomarker indicative of high performance or low performance cognitive state according to the method of claims claim 1. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer executable instructions which, when executed by a processor, perform any of the methods for creating a biomarker indicative of high performance or low performance cognitive state according to the method of claim 1. ### Claim 20 A method for delivering stimulation to alter a cognitive state of a user, the method comprising: monitoring a brain signal from the user; evaluating the cognitive state of the user by comparing the brain signal of the user with the testing phase biomarker, wherein the testing phase biomarker is derived from a cognitive test performed on a contributor during a testing phase; delivering stimulation to a brain of the user based on the evaluating step to steer the brain of the user towards high performance cognitive state. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the testing phase biomarker is indicative of a low performance cognitive state of the user as determined based on a cognitive test performed on the contributor. ### Claim 22 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the testing phase biomarker is indicative of a high performance cognitive state of the user as determined based on a cognitive test performed on the contributor. ### Claim 23 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the contributor is the user. ### Claim 24 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the contributor is a plurality of contributors. ### Claim 25 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the contributor is different than the user. ### Claim 26 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, further comprising: updating the testing phase biomarker based on the brain signal of the user and a response of the user to the stimulus. ### Claim 27 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein electrical stimulation is delivered to a single subfield of a hippocampus. ### Claim 28 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein electrical stimulation is delivered to multiple regions of the brain of the user. ### Claim 29 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein comparing the brain signal to the testing phase biomarker includes comparing the brain signal to a biomarker representative value generated by applying a dimensionality reduction algorithm to the testing phase biomarker. ### Claim 30 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein stimulation delivered to a brain of the user is based on predetermined stimulation optimization parameters derived before the monitoring step and configured to steer the brain of the user towards high performance cognitive state. ### Claim 31 (depends on 20) A system for delivering electrical stimulation to alter a cognitive state of a user according to the method of claim 20. ### Claim 32 (depends on 20) A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer executable instructions which, when executed by a processor, perform the method of claim 20.