Lithiated silicon/carbon composite materials and method for producing the same
OwnerUlrich Wietelmann, Ute Emmel +4inventors
InventorsUlrich Wietelmann, Ute Emmel, Gerd Krämer, Christopher Kurth, Stefan Scherer, Thorsten Buhrmester
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Abstract
The invention relates to composite materials of general composition SixC10-xLi in which x can be any value from 1-9 and z=a(4,4x+1/6(10-x)) and a=any value from 0.1-1, which can be used as highly capacitive anode materials for galvanic cells with non-aqueous electrolytes, and to a method for the production thereof.
Claims9
Composite materials with the empirical formula SixC10-xLiz, wherein x can assume any value from 1 to 9 and z=a(4,4x+1/6(10-x)) with a=any value from 0.1 to 1, characterized in that they consist of an intimate mixture consisting of lithiated or partially lithiated graphite or graphene, powdery silicon with particle sizes between 1 and 100 μm and optionally of metallic lithium.
Composite materials with the empirical formula SixC10-xLiz, wherein x can assume any value from 1 to 9 and z=a(4,4x+1/6(10-x)) with a=any value from 0.1 to 1, characterized in that they consist of an intimate mixture consisting of powdery lithium silicides and (partial)- or non-lithiated graphite or graphene.
A method for producing composite materials with the empirical formula SixC10-xLiz, wherein x can assume any value from 1 to 9 and z=a(4,4x+1/6(10-x)) with a=any value from 0.1 to 1, characterized in that a mixture of silicon powder with a grain size of 1 to 100 μm with lithium powder with a grain size of 5 to 500 μm and graphite- and/or graphene powder in a molar ratio of Si/C/Li x/10-x/z is mechanochemically converted in a temperature range of 0 to 120° C., preferably 20 to 100° C. under inert gas or in a vacuum.
A method for the production of silicide composite materials with the empirical formula SixC10-xLiz, wherein x can assume any value from 1 to 9 and z=a(4,4x+1/6(10-x)) with a=any value from 0.1 to 1, characterized in that a mixture of silicon powder with a grain size of 1 to 100 μm with lithium powder with a grain size of 5 to 500 μm and graphite- and/or graphene powder are at first converted in the indicated molar ratio of Si/C/Li x/10-x/z mechanochemically in a temperature range of 0 to 120° C., preferably 20 to 100° C. under inert gas or in a vacuum and the mixture obtained is subsequently subjected to a thermolysis phase in a temperature range of 150 to 350° C. for 5 minutes to 24 h.
A method for the production of silicide composite materials with the empirical formula SixC10-xLiz, wherein x can assume any value from 1 to 9 and z=a(4,4x+1/6(10-x)) with a=any value from 0.1 to 1, characterized in that a mixture of powdery, non-coated LiC0-intercalation compounds with o=30-6 with silicon powder with a grain size of 1 to 100 μm is mixed in the indicated molar ratio of Si/C/Li x/10-x/z and is subsequently subjected to a thermolysis phase in a temperature range of 130 to 350° C. for 5 minutes to 24 h, preferably 140-300° C.
The method according to example 7, characterized in that the gaseous coating agents are selected from the group N2, CO2, CO, O2, N2O, NO, NO2, HF, F2, PF3, PF5, POF3 and the liquid coating agents are selected from the group of carbonic acid esters;
- the lithium chelatoborate solutions as solutions in organic solvents, preferably selected from:
- oxygen-containing heterocycles, the carbonic acid esters, nitriles, carboxylic acid esters and ketones, sulfur-organic compounds:
- sulfites, sulfones, sultones;
- N-containing organic compounds, phosphoric acid, organic, phosphorus-containing compounds, fluorine-containing organic and inorganic compounds, partially fluorinated hydrocarbons, BF3, LiPF6, LiBF4, silicon-containing compounds.
The use of the composite materials with the empirical formula SixC10-xLiz as anode material in galvanic cells with non-aqueous electrolytes, for example, lithium batteries.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.