Modifying macrophage phenotype for treatment of disease

A method of modifying a phenotypic characteristic or phenotype of a macrophage-related cell in vitro comprising contacting the cell with an effector agent selected from the group consisting of:

• a cytokine, chemokine, pattern recognition receptor ligand, hormone, adrenergic and cholinergic agonist, fatty acid, phospholipid, immunoglobulin, Fc domain of immunoglobulins, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand, histamine, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligand, CD14 ligand, CD36 ligand, CD40 ligand, CD68 ligand, integrin β1, β2, β3, or β5 ligand, integrin αvβ3 ligand, scavenger receptor ligand, phosphatidyl serine receptor ligand, β2-glycoprotein I (β2GP1) receptor ligand, scavenger receptor A (SR-A) ligand, macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) ligand, scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) ligand, LOX-1 ligand, scavenger receptor that binds phosphatidylserine and oxidized lipoprotein (SR-PSOX) ligand, complement component C1q receptor ligand, complement component iC3b receptor ligand, lectin ligand, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, CXCR1 ligand, CXCR2 ligand, CXCR3 ligand, CXCR4 ligand, CXCR5 ligand, CXCR6 ligand, CCR1 ligand, CCR2 ligand, CCR3 ligand, CCR4 ligand, CCR5 ligand, CCR6 ligand, CCR7 ligand, CCR8 ligand, CCR9 ligand, CX3CR1 ligand, XCR1 ligand, PPARγ ligand, Galectin-3 ligand, a molecule present at the surface apoptotic cells or secreted by them, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-3, IL-4 IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α), MIP-1β, MIP-2, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, SLC, I-309, TECK, fractalkine, lymphotactin, MCP-1α, MCP-1β, MCP-2, MCP-3, Eotaxin, MDC, TARC, phosphatidyl serine, GRO-α, ENA-78, NAP-2, IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), Mig, IFN-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC), stromal cell derived factor 1 (SDF-1), BCA-1, Bonzo, RANTES, ICAM-3, lysophosphatidyl choline, annexin I, (β2GP1, thrombospondin (TSP), oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL), acetylated LDL, high density lipoprotein (HDL), advanced glycation endpoint LDL, milk fat globule protein (MFG), complement component iC3b, complement component C1q, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), apolipoprotein E (apoE), CD154, 12/15 lipoxygenase, Trance, and a fragment, derivative, or mimetic of such;
• or (ii) contacting the cell with an effector agent that modifies the expression level of a factor selected from the group consisting of CD11b, CD14, CD68, FcγR, MHC-II, esterase, osteopontin, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12, IL-13, IL-14, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18, IL-19, IL-20, IL-21, MIP-1, MIP-2, MIP-3, MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, TRAP, calcitonin receptor, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), matrix metalloprotease 1 (MMP-1), MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-11, MMP-12, MMP-13, MMP-14, MMP-15, MMP-16, MMP-17, MMP-18, MMP-19, MMP-20, MMP-21, MMP-22, MMP-23, MMP-24, MMP-25, MMP-26, MMP-27, MMP-28, SR-A, MARCO, 12/15 lipoxygenase, CD36, SR-B1, CD68, LOX-1, SR-PSOX, Galectin-3, fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and cathepsin K.