Methods for inhibiting conversion of choline to trimethylamine (tma)

A method of inhibiting the conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) and reducing TMAO level in an individual comprising administering to the individual a composition comprising a compound set forth in Formula (I):

• wherein Y+ is a quaternary nitrogen, X− is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion, and n is 1, 2, 3 or 4, R1 is selected from
• Z═C, CH, CH2 or O,
• R2 and R3 are independently selected from C1-C4 alkyl, allyl, propargyl, or CH2 when part of an aliphatic, carbocyclic, or heterocyclic ring system,
• R4═H, C1-C4 alkyl, allyl, alkyl carboxyl, alkyl carboxylate, alkyl ester, hydroxy alkyl, alkoxy alkyl, propargyl, amine, or amino alkyl,
• R5═H, or C1-C4 alkyl,
• R6 can independently be selected from hydroxyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, or oxygen when part of a ring system, and;
• R7═H, C1-C4 alkyl, or is absent when the carboxylate ion exists as part of a betaine, inner salt, or Zwitterion form;
• and including any acceptable salts or solvates thereof;
• wherein the compound is administered in an amount effective to inhibit formation of trimethylamine (TMA) from choline in the individual.

A method of improving cardiovascular health, the method comprising administering to an individual a compound set forth in Formula (I):

• wherein Y+ is a quaternary nitrogen, X− is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion, and n is 1, 2, 3 or 4, R1 is selected from
• Z═C, CH, CH2 or O,
• R2 and R3 are independently selected from C1-C4 alkyl, allyl, propargyl, or CH2 when part of an aliphatic, carbocyclic, or heterocyclic ring system,
• R4═H, C1-C4 alkyl, allyl, alkyl carboxyl, alkyl carboxylate, alkyl ester, hydroxy alkyl, alkoxy alkyl, propargyl, amine, or amino alkyl,
• R5═H, or C1-C4 alkyl,
• R6 can independently be selected from hydroxyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, or oxygen when part of a ring system, and;
• R7═H, C1-C4 alkyl, or is absent when the carboxylate ion exists as part of a betaine, inner salt, or Zwitterion form;
• and
• including any acceptable salts or solvates thereof;
• wherein the compound is administered in an amount effective to improve cardiovascular health in the individual.

A method of improving a condition associated with the conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) in an individual comprising administering to the individual a compound set forth in Formula (I):

• wherein Y+ is a quaternary nitrogen, X− is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion, and n is 1, 2, 3 or 4, R1 is selected from
• Z═C, CH, CH2 or O,
• R2 and R3 are independently selected from C1-C4 alkyl, allyl, propargyl, or CH2 when part of an aliphatic, carbocyclic, or heterocyclic ring system,
• R4═H, C1-C4 alkyl, allyl, alkyl carboxyl, alkyl carboxylate, alkyl ester, hydroxy alkyl, alkoxy alkyl, propargyl, amine, or amino alkyl,
• R5═H, or C1-C4 alkyl,
• R6 can independently be selected from hydroxyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, or oxygen when part of a ring system, and;
• R7═H, C1-C4 alkyl, or is absent when the carboxylate ion exists as part of a betaine, inner salt, or Zwitterion form;
• and including any acceptable salts or solvates thereof;
• wherein the compound is administered in an amount effective to treat or prevent the disease or condition associated with choline-related trimethylamine (TMA) in the individual.