Reduction catalyst and chemical reactor

A reduction catalyst comprising:

• a current collector comprising a metal layer;
• a spacer organic molecular layer formed on the metal layer;
• metal fine particles bonded to the spacer organic molecular layer;
• and
• organic molecules comprising a quaternary nitrogen cation, which are bonded to the metal fine particles and are represented by any of the following general formulae I to V:
• where, in the general formulae I to V, R1 is a primary, secondary, or tertiary amino group, R2 and R3 are identical to or different from each other and are each independently H or a primary, secondary, or tertiary amino group, p, q, r, and n are each independently an integer from 1 to 12, Y is a reactive functional group, and X− represents a counter anion.