Self-similar and fractal design for stretchable electronics

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An electrode array comprising:

• a plurality of stretchable metallic or semiconducting device components supported by said elastic substrate, wherein each of said stretchable metallic or semiconducting device components independently comprises a plurality of electrically conductive elements each having a primary unit cell shape, wherein said electrically conductive elements of each stretchable metallic or semiconducting device component are independently connected in a sequence having a secondary shape providing an overall two-dimensional spatial geometry characterized by a plurality of spatial frequencies, wherein said two-dimensional spatial geometry is a self-similar two-dimensional geometry;
• wherein said plurality of stretchable metallic or semiconducting device components provide a fill factor greater than or equal to 20% for an active area of said electrode array;
• and wherein said two-dimensional spatial geometries of said metallic or semiconducting device components allows for accommodation of elastic strain along one or more in-plane or out of plane dimensions, thereby providing stretchability of said electrode array.