Electrochemical Cell with Bipolar Faradaic Membrane

An electrochemical cell comprising:

• a negative electrode comprising aluminum;
• a positive electrode, separate from the negative electrode, comprising a liquid phase having zinc;
• a liquid electrolyte, disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, comprising a salt of lithium;
• and
• a bipolar faradaic membrane, disposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, having a first surface facing the negative electrode and a second surface facing the positive electrode, wherein:
• the bipolar faradaic membrane is configured to allow cations of lithium to pass through and configured to impede cations of zinc from transferring from the second surface to the first surface,
• the bipolar faradaic membrane is at least partially formed from a material having an electronic conductivity sufficient to drive faradaic reactions at the second surface with cations of zinc,
• when the cell undergoes charging, lithium from the liquid electrolyte alloys with the aluminum of the negative electrode, and a salt of zinc forms on the side of the bipolar faradaic membrane facing the positive electrode.