Novel crispr enzymes and systems

A. An engineered, non-naturally occurring CRISPR-Cas system comprising one or more vectors comprising:

• a) a first regulatory element operable in a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell operably linked to at least one nucleotide sequence encoding a CRISPR-Cas system guide RNA that hybridizes with a target sequence of an RNA molecule encoded by a DNA molecule in a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell, wherein the DNA molecule encodes and the eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell expresses at least one gene product, and
• b) a second regulatory element operable in a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell operably linked to a nucleotide sequence encoding a Class 2 type VI CRISPR-Cas effector protein, wherein components (a) and (b) are located on same or different vectors of the system,
• whereby the guide RNA targets and hybridizes with the target sequence and the effector protein cleaves the RNA molecule,
• whereby expression of the at least one gene product is altered;
• and, wherein the effector protein and the pide RNA do not naturally occur together, or
• B. An engineered, non-naturally occurring composition comprising a CRISPR-Cas system, said system comprising a functional a Class 2 type VI CRISPR-Cas effector protein and guide RNA (gRNA);
• wherein the gRNA comprises a dead guide sequence;
• whereby the gRNA is capable of hybridizing to a target sequence;
• whereby the CRISPR-Cas system is directed to the target sequence with reduced indel activity resultant from nuclease activity of a non-mutant effector protein of the system;
• or
• C. A method of inhibiting cell growth, the method comprising delivering to the cell a non-naturally occuring or engineered composition comprising a functional a Class 2 type VI CRISPR-Cas effector protein and guide RNA (gRNA);
• whereby the gRNA is capable of hybridizing to a target RNA sequence of the cell;
• whereby the CRISPR-Cas system is directed to the target RNA sequence with reduced indel activity resultant from nuclease activity of a non-mutant effector protein of the system;
• or
• D. A CRISPR associated Cas vector system comprising one or more vectors comprising:
• a) a first regulatory element operable in a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell operably linked to at least one nucleotide sequence encoding a CRISPR-Cas system guide RNA that hybridizes with a target sequence of an RNA molecule encoded by a DNA molecule in a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell, wherein the DNA molecule encodes and the eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell expresses at least one gene product, and
• b) a second regulatory element operable in a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell operably linked to a nucleotide sequence encoding a a Class 2 type VI CRISPR-Cas effector protein, wherein components (a) and (b) are located on same or different vectors of the system, whereby the guide RNA targets and hybridizes with the target sequence and the effector protein cleaves the RNA molecule,
• whereby expression of the at least one gene product is altered;
• and, wherein the effector protein and the guide RNA do not naturally occur together.

A method for detecting a target RNA associated with a disease, comprising:

• a first step comprising:
• A. contacting a sample with a Class 2 Type VI CRISPR-Cas effector protein and a guide RNA, wherein the Class 2 Type VI CRISPR-Cas effector protein forms a complex with the guide RNA, and wherein the guide RNA directs the complex to bind the target RNA, or
• B. contacting a sample with a Class 2 Type VI CRISPR-Cas effector protein, a guide RNA, and a non-targeted RNA, wherein the Class 2 Type VI CRISPR-Cas effector protein forms a complex with the guide RNA, and wherein the guide RNA directs the complex to bind the target RNA, and wherein binding of the guide RNA to the target RNA activates the Class 2 Type VI CRISPR-Cas effector protein for non-specific RNAse activity, and a second step comprising:
• C. detecting binding of the guide RNA to the target RNA.