Estrogen receptor ligand treatment for neurodegenerative diseases

2-10. (canceled)

A method of treating or preventing a neurodegenerative disease in a subject having greater than about 0.1%, about 0.2%, or about 0.3%, or about 0.4%, or about 0.5%, or about 0.6%, or about 0.7%, or about 0.8%, or about 0.9%, or about 1.0%, or about 1.1%, or about 1.2%, or about 1.3%, or about 1.4%, or about 1.5%, or about 2.0% brain gray matter loss per annum, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an estrogen receptor beta ligand.

(canceled)

A method of treating a neurodegenerative disease in a subject who is non-responsive to treatment with a multiple sclerosis therapy, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an estrogen receptor beta ligand, wherein the subject is classified as non-responsive based on a substantial loss of brain gray matter volume during treatment with the first multiple sclerosis treatment agent.

15-16. (canceled)

19-22. (canceled)

24-39. (canceled)

41-43. (canceled)

45-46. (canceled)

48-49. (canceled)

51-64. (canceled)

The method of claim 60, wherein the first assessment is performed before, at the same time as, or at about the same time as initiating the treatment regimen.

(canceled)

The method of any one of claim 60, wherein said second assessment is performed at least about six months, at least about one year, at least about 18 months, or at least about two years after said first assessment.

(canceled)

The method of claim 60, wherein the neurodegenerative disease is Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis, primary-progressive multiple sclerosis, and progressive-relapsing multiple sclerosis, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cerebellar ataxia, frontotemporal dementia, prion disease, Huntington's disease, cerebral ischemia, cerebral dementia syndrome, infection-induced neurodegeneration disorders (e.g., AIDS-encephalopathy, Creutzfeld-Jakob disease, encephalopathies induced by rubiola and herpes viruses and borrelioses), metabolic-toxic neurodegenerative disorders (such as hepatic-, alcoholic-, hypoxic-, hypo-, or hyperglycemically-induced encephalopathies), encephalopathies induced by solvents or pharmaceuticals, trauma-induced brain damage, or spinal cord injury.

70-71. (canceled)

The method of claim 60, wherein the treatment regimen comprises administering to the subject an immunotherapeutic agent.

74-76. (canceled)

The method of claim 60, wherein the estrogen receptor beta ligand is a compound having the structure of formula I.

79-85. (canceled)