# US 2017/0288554 A1 · Power Converter And Power Conversion Method > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2017/0288554 A1 - Document ID: US20170288554A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 15/087,256 - Filed: 2016-03-31 - Published: 2017-10-05 - Earliest claimed: 2016-03-31 - Applicants: Infineon Technologies Austria AG - Inventors: Marc Fahlenkamp; Torsten Hinz; Martin Krueger; Anders Lind; Jon Mark Hancock; Allan Saliva - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20170288554A1 ## CPC - H02M 1/08: Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters - H02M 3/33592: {having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer} - H02M 1/0006: {Arrangements for supplying an adequate voltage to the control circuit of converters} - H02M 1/0009: {Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter} - H02M 1/0032: {Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode} - H02M 1/0045: {Converters combining the concepts of switch-mode regulation and linear regulation, e.g. linear pre-regulator to switching converter, linear and switching converter in parallel, same converter or same transistor operating either in linear or switching mode} - H02M 3/33523: {with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop} - Y02B 70/10: Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) - Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS ## Abstract In accordance with an embodiment, a power conversion method includes operating a power converter circuit in one of a first operation and a second operation mode based on a feedback signal and a signal level of an output signal at an output. The power converter includes a transformer with a primary winding and a secondary winding, a first electronic switch connected in series with the primary winding, and a rectifier circuit connected between the secondary winding and the output and comprising a second electronic switch. The feedback signal is dependent on the output signal ## Claims ### Claim 1 A power converter circuit comprising: a transformer comprising a primary winding and a secondary winding; a first electronic switch connected in series with the primary winding; a rectifier circuit connected between the secondary winding and an output, wherein the rectifier circuit comprises a second electronic switch; a feedback circuit coupled to the output and configured to generate a feedback signal based on an output signal available at the output; and a first control circuit configured to operate the power converter circuit in one of a first operation mode and a second operation mode based on the feedback signal and a signal level of the output signal. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The power converter circuit of claim 1, wherein the output signal is an output voltage. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The power converter circuit of claim 1, wherein the first control circuit is configured to operate the power converter circuit in the first operation mode when a signal level of the output signal is below a predefined threshold, and to operate the power converter circuit in one of the first operation mode and the second operation mode based on the feedback signal if the signal level of the output signal is above the threshold. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The power converter circuit of claim 1, wherein the transformer further comprises an auxiliary winding, and wherein the first control circuit is configured to detect a signal level of the output signal based on a voltage across the auxiliary winding. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The power converter circuit of claim 4, wherein the first control circuit is configured to detect the signal level of the output signal based on sampling the voltage across the auxiliary winding during a demagnetization period of the transformer. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The power converter circuit of claim 5, wherein the first control circuit being configured to detect the signal level of the output signal based on sampling the voltage across the auxiliary winding during a demagnetization period of the transformer comprises the first control circuit being configured to sample the voltage across the auxiliary winding after a predefined time period after a beginning of the demagnetization period. ### Claim 7 (depends on 4) The power converter circuit of claim 4, wherein the first control circuit is configured to detect a signal level of the output signal based on a voltage across the auxiliary winding comprises the first control circuit being configured to detect a signal level of the output signal based on a voltage across the auxiliary winding and the feedback signal. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The power converter circuit of claim 1, further comprising: a further feedback circuit coupled to the output and configured to provide a further feedback signal to the first control circuit, wherein the further feedback signal includes an information on the signal level of the output signal. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The power converter circuit of claim 1, wherein the first operation mode is a fixed frequency mode and the second operation mode is a variable frequency mode. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The power converter circuit of claim 9, wherein the first control circuit is configured in the fixed frequency mode to switch on the first electronic switch at a predefined fixed frequency; and in the variable frequency mode to switch on the first electronic switch at a variable frequency. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The power converter circuit of claim 10, wherein the first control circuit, in the variable frequency mode, is configured to detect a voltage across the first electronic switch and select a time for switching on the first electronic switch based on the voltage across the first electronic switch. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The power converter circuit of claim 11, wherein the first control circuit is configured to detect times when local minima of the voltage across the first electronic switch occur, and switch on the first electronic switch at one of these times. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The power converter circuit of claim 1, wherein the rectifier circuit further comprises a second control circuit configured to control the second electronic switch based on a voltage across the second electronic switch. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The power converter circuit of claim 13, wherein the second control circuit is configured to switch on the second electronic switch when the voltage across the second electronic switch has a first polarity and the absolute value of the voltage rises above a first threshold, and switch off the second electronic switch when the voltage across the second electronic switch has a first polarity and the absolute value of the voltage falls below a second threshold lower than the first threshold. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The power converter circuit of claim 14, wherein the second control circuit is further configured to keep the second electronic switch switched off for a predefined off-period after the absolute value of the voltage has fallen below the second threshold. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The power converter circuit of claim 15, wherein the rectifier circuit further comprises an auxiliary power supply configured to supply power to the second control circuit, wherein the auxiliary power supply comprises an auxiliary winding of the transformer. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The power converter circuit of claim 1, wherein the primary winding and the secondary winding have opposite winding senses. ### Claim 18 A power conversion method, comprising: operating a power converter circuit in one of a first operation mode and a second operation mode based on a feedback signal and a signal level of an output signal at an output, wherein the power converter circuit comprises: a transformer with a primary winding and a secondary winding, a first electronic switch connected in series with the primary winding, and a rectifier circuit connected between the secondary winding and the output and comprising a second electronic switch, and wherein the feedback signal is dependent on the output signal. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, wherein the output signal is an output voltage. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, further comprising: operating the power converter circuit in the first operation mode when a signal level of the output signal is below a predefined threshold, and operating the power converter circuit in one of the first operation mode and the second operation mode based on the feedback signal if the signal level of the output signal is above the threshold. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the transformer further comprises an auxiliary winding, and wherein the method further comprises detecting a signal level of the output signal based on a voltage across the auxiliary winding. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The method of claim 21, wherein detecting the signal level of the output signal based on a voltage across the auxiliary winding comprises sampling the voltage across the auxiliary winding during a demagnetization period of the transformer. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The method of claim 22, wherein sampling the voltage across the auxiliary winding during a demagnetization period of the transformer comprises sampling the voltage across the auxiliary winding after a predefined time period after a beginning of the demagnetization period. ### Claim 24 (depends on 21) The method of claim 21, wherein detecting a signal level of the output signal based on a voltage across the auxiliary winding comprises detect a signal level of the output signal based on a voltage across the auxiliary winding and the feedback signal. ### Claim 25 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, wherein the first operation mode is a fixed frequency mode and the second operation mode is a variable frequency mode. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The method of claim 25, wherein operating the power converter circuit in the fixed frequency mode comprises switching on the first electronic switch at a predefined fixed frequency; and wherein operating the power converter circuit in the variable frequency mode comprises switching on the first electronic switch at a variable frequency. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The method of claim 26, wherein operating the power converter circuit in the variable frequency mode comprises detecting a voltage across the first electronic switch and selecting a time for switching on the first electronic switch based on the voltage across the first electronic switch. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The method of claim 27, wherein selecting a time for switching on the first electronic switch based on the voltage across the first electronic switch comprises detecting times when local minima of the voltage across the first electronic switch occur, and wherein the method further comprises switching on the first electronic switch at one of these times. ### Claim 29 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, further comprising: controlling the second electronic switch based on a voltage across the second electronic switch. ### Claim 30 (depends on 29) The method of claim 29, wherein controlling the second electronic switch based on a voltage across the second electronic switch comprises: switching on the second electronic switch when the voltage across the second electronic switch has a first polarity and the absolute value of the voltage rises above a first threshold; and switching off the second electronic switch when the voltage across the second electronic switch has a first polarity and the absolute value of the voltage falls below a second threshold lower than the first threshold. ### Claim 31 (depends on 30) The method of claim 30, wherein controlling the second electronic switch based on a voltage across the second electronic switch further comprises: keeping the second electronic switch switched off for a predefined off-period after the absolute value of the voltage has fallen below the second threshold. ### Claim 32 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, further comprising: supplying power to the rectifier circuit from an auxiliary power supply, wherein the auxiliary power supply comprises an auxiliary winding of the transformer. ### Claim 33 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, wherein the primary winding and the secondary winding have opposite winding senses.