# US 2017/0286125 A1 · Systems, methods and devices for dynamic power management of devices using game theory > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2017/0286125 A1 - Document ID: US20170286125A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 15/084,268 - Filed: 2016-03-29 - Published: 2017-10-05 - Earliest claimed: 2016-03-29 - Assignees: Intel Corporation - Applicants: Intel Corporation - Inventors: Rajeev D. Muralidhar; Harinarayanan Seshadri - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20170286125A1 ## CPC - G06F 9/4411: {Configuring for operating with peripheral devices; Loading of device drivers} - G06F 1/263: {Arrangements for using multiple switchable power supplies, e.g. battery and AC (G06F1/30 takes precedence)} - G06F 1/3212: Monitoring battery levels, e.g. power saving mode being initiated when battery voltage goes below a certain level - G06F 9/4418: {Suspend and resume; Hibernate and awake} - G06F 8/65: Updates (security arrangements therefor G06F21/57) - Y02D 10/00: Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) - Y02D: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE ## Abstract Dynamic power management of integrated devices can be accomplished using game theory. In an example, power demands for individual devices (e.g., CPU, GPU, communications, etc.) can be controlled by governors. An engine can determine a system condition (e.g., docked or undocked) and use a reward and/or penalty matrix to determine power settings to provide to governors. Periodically, the engine can reevaluate the system condition and power settings for the governors. For example, device components can be modeled as players in a game. In the case of idle power management scenarios, the players can deploy cooperative gaming strategy to allow the system to be in a low power state. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A system for power management of electronic system hardware comprising: an energy distribution system; a first power sink coupled to the energy distribution system; a first governor configured to provide a first power state of the first power sink; a second power sink coupled to the energy distribution system; a second governor configured to provide a second power state of the second power sink; storage for a payoff matrix comprising a first reward or first penalty for selecting from a set of first power states and a second reward or second penalty for selecting from a set of second power states; and one or more processors configured to: receive a first power request from the first governor; receive a second power request from the second governor; compute an optimum power distribution entry from the payoff matrix based at least in part on the payoff matrix, the first power request and the second power request; select the first power state from the set of first power states based on the optimum power distribution entry; select the second power state from the set of second power states based on the optimum power distribution entry; provide the first governor with the first power state; and provide the second governor with the second power state. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to adjust the payoff matrix. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The system of claim 2, wherein to adjust the payoff matrix further comprises to dynamically adjust a reward or a penalty. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The system of claim 2, wherein to adjust the payoff matrix further comprises to dynamically adjust a reward or a penalty based on battery percentage. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the payoff matrix is statically configured. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to select the payoff matrix from a set of payoff matrices based on a system attribute. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The system of claim 6, wherein the system attribute is whether the system is using external power or powered by a battery. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the optimum power distribution entry is a Nash equilibrium. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the first power sink is a CPU. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The system of claim 9, wherein the set of first power states comprises a dynamic voltage and frequency scaling table. ### Claim 11 An apparatus for determining power distribution in an integrated chip, comprising: an energy distribution system; a central processing unit (CPU) coupled to the energy distribution system; a system on a chip (SOC) support circuitry coupled to the energy distribution system; storage for a set of payoff matrices, each matrix comprising a set of entries, each entry comprising a first reward or first penalty for selecting from a set of first power states and a second reward or second penalty for selecting from a set of second power states, each matrix associated with a power attribute; and one or more processors configured to: receive a request from the CPU for a first power state; select a matrix from the set of payoff matrices based at least in part on a status of the power attribute; compute an optimum power distribution entry from the matrix based at least in part on the first power state, the first reward or the first penalty, and the second reward or the second penalty; select a first power state from the set of first power states based on the optimum power distribution entry; select a second power state from the set of second power states based on the optimum power distribution entry; adjust the CPU to use the first power state; and adjust the SOC support circuitry to use the second power state. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a graphics processing unit (GPU) coupled to the energy distribution system, and wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: receive another request from the GPU for a third power state; select the third power state from a set of third power states based on the optimum power distribution entry; and adjust the GPU to use the first power state; and wherein to compute the optimum power distribution entry further comprises to compute the optimum power distribution entry from the matrix based at least in part on the first power state, the third power state, the first reward or the first penalty, the second reward or the second penalty, and a third reward or a third penalty, wherein each matrix entry comprises a reward or a penalty for the third reward or the third penalty associated with the third power state. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the power attribute is whether the apparatus is on battery power. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to adjust matrices based on outcome. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the CPU further comprises a governor that transmits the request from the CPU for the first power state. ### Claim 16 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the request from the CPU for the first power state is based at least in part on a CPU load. ### Claim 17 (depends on 11) The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first power state is a P-state from a P-state table. ### Claim 18 A computer program product comprising a computer-readable storage medium storing program code for causing one or more processors to perform a method, the method comprising: evaluating a system state for rewards or penalties of selecting a plurality of power states of a power distribution system for a set of circuitry; computing an equilibrium based at least in part on the system state including the set of circuitry; executing the plurality of power states for the set of circuitry associated with the equilibrium; evaluating the system state based on the executed plurality of power states; and revising the rewards or penalties. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The computer program product of claim 18, wherein: evaluating the system state further comprises determining whether the system is using internal power or external power; revising the rewards or penalties further comprises: when on the internal power, altering the rewards or penalties for social utility; and when on the external power, altering the rewards for performance. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The computer program product of claim 18, wherein computing the equilibrium further comprises computing a Nash equilibrium. ### Claim 21 (depends on 18) The computer program product of claim 18, wherein computing the equilibrium further comprises computing a social optimum equilibrium. ### Claim 22 (depends on 18) The computer program product of claim 18, wherein the system state includes power demand. ### Claim 23 (depends on 18) The computer program product of claim 18, wherein the system state includes whether the system is receiving external power. ### Claim 24 (depends on 18) The computer program product of claim 18, wherein evaluating the system state further comprises forming a model of the system as a non-cooperative set of demands for power. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The computer program product of claim 24, wherein the non-cooperative set of demands for power further comprise a thermal policy.