# US 2017/0285369 A9 · Lenses, Devices, Systems and Methods for Refractive Error

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- Number: US 2017/0285369 A9
- Document ID: US20170285369A9
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A9
- Application number: 14/884,533
- Filed: 2015-10-15
- Published: 2017-10-05
- Earliest claimed: 2012-10-17
- Assignees: Brien Holden Vision Institute Limited
- Applicants: Brien Holden Vision Institute
- Inventors: Ravi Chandra Bakaraju; Klaus Ehrmann; Arthur Ho; Brien Anthony Holden
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20170285369A9

## CPC

- G02C 7/041: {bifocal; multifocal}
- A61F 2/145: {Corneal inlays, onlays, or lenses for refractive correction}
- A61F 2/1616: {Pseudo-accommodative, e.g. multifocal or enabling monovision}
- A61F 2/1618: {Multifocal lenses}
- A61F 2/1637: {Correcting aberrations caused by inhomogeneities; correcting intrinsic aberrations, e.g. of the cornea, of the surface of the natural lens, aspheric, cylindrical, toric lenses}
- G02B 27/0018: {with means for preventing ghost images (anti-reflection coatings G02B1/11)}
- G02C 7/022: {Ophthalmic lenses having special refractive features achieved by special materials or material structures (G02C7/049 takes precedence)}
- G02C 7/04: Contact lenses for the eyes (disinfection or sterilisation of contact lenses A61L12/00)
- G02C 7/06: bifocal; multifocal {; progressive (G02C7/041 takes precedence)}
- G02C 7/061: {Spectacle lenses with progressively varying focal power}
- G02C 2202/22: Correction of higher order and chromatic aberrations, wave front measurement and calculation
- G02C 2202/24: Myopia progression prevention
- G02C: SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES (trial frames for testing the eyes A61B3/04; goggles or eyeshields not having the same features as spectacles A61F9/00)
- A61F: FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS (dental prosthetics A61C)
- G02B: OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS

## Abstract

The present disclosure is directed to lenses, devices, methods and/or systems for addressing refractive error. Certain embodiments are directed to changing or controlling the wavefront of the light entering a human eye. The lenses, devices, methods and/or systems can be used for correcting, addressing, mitigating or treating refractive errors and provide excellent vision at distances encompassing far to near without significant ghosting. The refractive error may for example arise from myopia, hyperopia, or presbyopia with or without astigmatism. Certain disclosed embodiments of lenses, devices and/or methods include embodiments that address foveal and/or peripheral vision. Exemplary of lenses in the fields of certain embodiments include contact lenses, corneal onlays, corneal inlays, and lenses for intraocular devices both anterior and posterior chamber, accommodating intraocular lenses, electro-active spectacle lenses and/or refractive surgery.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A lens for an eye, the lens comprising:
an optical axis;
an aberration profile about the optical axis and having a focal distance; and
at least two optical surfaces;
wherein the lens's optical properties can be characterised upon testing by at least the following properties: two or more higher order aberrations having one or more of the following components: a primary spherical aberration C(4,0), a secondary spherical aberration C(6,0), a tertiary spherical aberration C(8,0), a quaternary spherical aberration C(10,0), a pentanary spherical aberration C(12,0), a hexanary spherical aberration C(14,0), a heptanary spherical aberration C(16,0), an octanary spherical aberration C(18,0) and a nanonary spherical aberration C(20,0); and
wherein the aberration profile when tested on a model eye with no, or substantially no, aberrations and having an on-axis length equal, or substantially equal, to the focal distance, results in a retinal image quality (RIQ) with a through focus slope so that the RIQ decreases in a direction of eye growth, where the RIQ is determined by a visual Strehl Ratio that is measured substantially along the optical axis; and the RIQ is measured for a model eye with no, or substantially no, aberration and is measured along the optical axis for at least one pupil diameter in the range 3 mm to 5 mm, over a spatial frequency range of 0 to 30 cycles/degree inclusive, at a wavelength selected from within the range 540 nm to 590 nm inclusive.

### Claim 2

A lens for an eye, the lens comprising:
an optical axis;
an aberration profile about the optical axis and having a focal distance;
at least two optical surfaces;
wherein the lens's optical properties can be characterised upon testing by at least the following properties: two or more higher order aberrations having one or more of the following components: a primary spherical aberration C(4,0), a secondary spherical aberration C(6,0), a tertiary spherical aberration C(8,0), a quaternary spherical aberration C(10,0), a pentanary spherical aberration C(12,0), a hexanary spherical aberration C(14,0), a heptanary spherical aberration C(16,0), an octanary spherical aberration C(18,0) and a nanonary spherical aberration C(20,0); the aberration profile when tested on a model eye with no, or substantially no, aberrations and having an on-axis length equal, or substantially equal, to the focal distance, results in a through focus RIQ, within the through focus range, a first RIQ which is a peak RIQ and that remains at or above a second RIQ over the through focus range that includes the focal distance; and the first and second RIQs are measured for a model eye with no, or substantially no, aberration and is measured along the optical axis for at least one pupil diameter in the range 3 mm to 5 mm, over a spatial frequency range of 0 to 30 cycles/degree inclusive, at a wavelength selected from within the range 540 nm to 590 nm inclusive.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The lens of claim 1, wherein the lens is further characterised by minimal ghosting at near, intermediate and far distances.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The lens of claim 1, wherein the lens is further configured to provide the RIQ of at least 0.1 in the near distance range, the RIQ of at least 0.27 in the intermediate distance range and the RIQ of at least 0.35 in the far distance range.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The lens of claim 1, wherein the lens is further configured to provide two or more of the following: the RIQ of at least 0.1 in the near distance range, the RIQ of at least 0.27 in the intermediate distance range and the RIQ of at least 0.35 in the far distance range.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The lens of claim 1, wherein the slope averaged over a horizontal field of at least −20° to +20° degrades in a direction of eye growth.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The lens of claim 1, wherein the slope averaged over a horizontal field of at least −20° to +20° improves in a direction of eye growth.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The lens of claim 1, wherein the slope averaged over a vertical field of at least −20° to +20° degrades in a direction of eye growth.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The lens of claim 1, wherein the slope averaged over a vertical field of at least −20° to +20° improves in a direction of eye growth.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The lens of claim 1, wherein the aberration profile provides the RIQ with a through focus slope that degrades in a direction of eye growth when primary or secondary astigmatism is added to the aberration profile.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The lens of claim 1, wherein the primary or secondary astigmatism is added to the desired aberration profile by altering one or more of the following terms: C(2,−2), C(2,2), C(4,−2), C(4,2), C(6,−2) and/or C(6,2).

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The lens of claim 1, wherein the RIQ is characterised by
RIQ
=
∫
∫
-
Fmin
+
Fmax

CSF

(
x
,
y
)
*

(
real

(
(
FT

(

FT

{
A

(
ρ
,
θ
)
*
exp

[
2

π
λ
*
W

(
ρ
,
θ
)
]
}

2
)
)
)
)

∫
∫
-
Fmin
+
Fmax

CSF

(
x
,
y
)
*
(
(
(
FT

(

FT

{
A

(
ρ
,
θ
)
*
exp

[
2

π
λ
*
W


diff

(
ρ
,
θ
)
]
}

2
)
)
)
)
wherein:
Fmin is 0 cycles/degree and Fmax is 30 cycles/degree;
CSF(x, y) denotes the contrast sensitivity function CSF (F)=2.6(0.0192+0.114f) e−(0.114f)̂1.1, where f specifies the tested spatial frequency, in the range of Fmin to Fmax;
FT denotes a 2D fast Fourier transform;
A (ρ, θ) denotes the pupil amplitude function across the pupil diameter;
W (ρ, θ) denotes wavefront of the test case measured for i=1 to 20
W(ρ,θ)=Σi=1kαiZi(ρ,θ);
Wdiff (ρ, θ) denotes wavefront of the diffraction limited case;
ρ and θ are normalised polar coordinates, where ρ represents the radial coordinate and θ represents the angular coordinate or azimuth; and
λ denotes wavelength.

### Claim 13 (depends on 2)

The lens of claim 2, wherein the first visual Strehl Ratio is at least 0.3.

### Claim 14 (depends on 2)

The lens of claim 2, wherein the second visual Strehl Ratio is at least 0.1.

### Claim 15 (depends on 2)

The lens of claim 2, wherein the through focus range is at least 1.7 D.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The lens of claim 1, wherein a power profile is associated with the optical axis and the power profile has a transition between a maxima and a minima, and the maxima is within 0.2 mm of the centre of the optic zone and the minima is less than or equal to 0.3 mm distance from the maxima; wherein the amplitude of the transition between the maxima and the minima is at least 2.5 D.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The lens of claim 16, wherein the transition between the maxima and the minima is one or more of the following: continuous, discontinuous, monotonic and non-monotonic.

### Claim 18

A multifocal lens comprising:
an optical axis;
an effective near additional power of at least 1 D;
the optical properties of the multifocal lens are configured with an aberration profile associated with the optical axis; the aberration profile is comprised of a defocus term and at least two spherical aberration terms;
the multifocal lens is configured to provide a visual performance over intermediate and far distances that is at least substantially equivalent to the visual performance of a correctly prescribed single-vision lens at the far visual distance and the lens is configured to provide minimal ghosting at far, intermediate and near distances.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The multifocal lens of claim 18, wherein the lens is configured to provide near visual acuity of at least 6/6 in individuals that can achieve 6/6 visual acuity.

### Claim 20 (depends on 18)

The multifocal lens of claim 18, wherein the lens is configured to provide at least acceptable visual performance at near distances.