# US 2017/0257201 A1 · Apparatus and method for transmitting single channel, bonded channel, and mimo ofdm frames with fields to facilitate agc, timing, and channel estimation > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2017/0257201 A1 - Document ID: US20170257201A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 15/439,048 - Filed: 2017-02-22 - Published: 2017-09-07 - Earliest claimed: 2016-03-02 - Assignees: QUALCOMM Incorporated - Applicants: QUALCOMM Incorporated - Inventors: Alecsander Eitan; Amichai Sanderovich; Gal Basson - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20170257201A1 ## CPC - H04L 27/2603: {Signal structure ensuring backward compatibility with legacy system} - H04B 7/0413: MIMO systems - H04L 5/0048: {Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver (allocation of control signalling H04L5/0053; use of control signalling H04L5/0091)} - H04L 25/0226: {sounding signals per se} - H04L 27/2613: {Structure of the reference signals} - H04W 52/52: using AGC [Automatic Gain Control] circuits or amplifiers - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - H04B: TRANSMISSION - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) ## Abstract Disclosed is an apparatus for wireless communications. The apparatus includes a processing system configured to generate a single-channel frame, a bonded channel frame, or a MIMO channel frame. Each of the frame types includes a first portion and a second portion, said first portion being decodable by a first device operating according to a first protocol, said second portion not being decodable by the first device, wherein the first and second portions are decodable by a second device operating according to a second protocol; and an interface configured to output the frame for transmission. The second portion includes a first field including frequency-domain PRBS data for AGC, a second field including a time-domain sequence for timing of input sample window for FFT processing, and a third field including frequency-domain pilots for channel estimation. For MIMO, these fields for different transmit chains are transmitted in a time aligned manner. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus for wireless communications, comprising: a processing system configured to generate a frame comprising a first portion and a second portion, said first portion being decodable by a first device operating according to a first protocol, said second portion not being decodable by the first device, wherein the first and second portions are decodable by a second device operating according to a second protocol; and an interface configured to output the frame for transmission. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing system is configured to configure the second portion to include a frequency-domain pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) data for transmission via subcarriers of an OFDM transmission. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the processing system is configured to generate the PRBS data based on a particular seed for a particular primitive polynomial. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing system is configured to configure the second portion to include a time-domain sequence. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the processing system is configured to configure the time-domain sequence to include a Golay sequence. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing system is configured to configure the second portion to include a sequence of frequency-domain pilots for transmission via subcarriers of an OFDM transmission. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the processing system is configured to configure the sequence of frequency-domain pilots to generate the OFDM transmission with a peak-to-average-power-ratio (PAPR) at or below a particular threshold. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing system is configured to configure the second portion to include: a first field configured to facilitate automatic gain control (AGC) at the second device; a second field configured to facilitate timing control for inputting samples of an OFDM transmission of the frame into a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) at the second device; and a third field configured to facilitate channel estimation associated with the frame received at the second device. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processing system is configured to configure: the first field to include frequency-domain PRBS data for transmission via subcarriers of the OFDM transmission; the second field to include a time-domain sequence; and the third field to include a sequence of frequency-domain pilots for transmission via subcarriers of the OFDM transmission. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing system is configured to generate the frame to include a first subframe comprising the first and second portions, wherein the processing system is configured to generate the frame to include a second subframe comprising a third portion and a fourth portion, the third portion being decodable by the first device operating according to the first protocol, the fourth portion not being decodable by the first device, and the third and fourth portions being decodable by the second device operating according to the second protocol. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the interface is configured to output the second portion and the fourth portion for transmission in a substantially time-aligned manner. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the interface is configured to output the first portion and third portion for transmission in a time-offset manner. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the processing system is configured to configure: the second portion to include a first set of frequency-domain PRBS data configured for transmission via a first set of subcarriers of a first OFDM transmission; the fourth portion to include a second set of frequency-domain PRBS data configured for transmission via a second set of subcarriers of a second OFDM transmission; wherein the interface is configured to output the first and second sets of frequency-domain PRBS data for transmission in a substantially time-aligned manner. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the processing system is configured to generate: the first set of frequency-domain PRBS data based on a first seed for a particular primitive polynomial; and the second set of frequency-domain PRBS data based on a second seed for the particular primitive polynomial. ### Claim 15 (depends on 10) The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the processing system is configured to configure: the second portion to include a first time-domain sequence; and the fourth portion to include a second time-domain sequence, wherein the first time-domain sequence is orthogonal to the second time-domain sequence; and wherein the interface is configured to output the first and second time-domain sequences for transmission in a substantially time-aligned manner. ### Claim 16 (depends on 10) The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the processing system is configured to configure: the second portion to include a first sequence of frequency-domain pilots for transmission via a first set of subcarriers of a first OFDM transmission; and the fourth portion to include a second sequence of frequency-domain pilots for transmission via a second set of subcarriers of a second OFDM transmission; and wherein the interface is configured to output the first and second sequences of frequency-domain pilots for transmission in a substantially time-aligned manner. ### Claim 17 (depends on 10) The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the processing system is configured to configure the first subframe to include a first pad field situated in time between the first and second portions, wherein the processing system is configured to configure the second subframe to include a second pad field situated in time between the third and fourth portions, wherein a length of the first pad field is greater than a length of the second pad field. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the processing system is configured to configure the first pad field to include a first Golay sequence and configure the second pad field to include a second Golay sequence. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing system is configured to generate the frame to include a first subframe comprising the first and second portions, wherein the processing system is configured to generate the frame to include: a second subframe comprising a third portion and a fourth portion; and a third subframe comprising a fifth portion and a sixth portion. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the processing system is configured to configure: the second portion to include a first time-domain sequence; the fourth portion to include a second time-domain sequence that is orthogonal to the first time-domain sequence; the sixth portion to include a third time-domain sequence. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the interface is configured to output the first and second time-domain sequences for transmission in a time-aligned manner during a first OFDM symbol interval, and wherein the interface is configured to output the third time-domain sequence for transmission during a second OFDM symbol interval. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the processing system is configured to configure: the first and second subframes such that the interface does not produce an output from the first and second subframes for transmission during the second OFDM symbol interval; and the third transmit subframe such that the interface does not produce an output from the third subframe for transmission during the first OFDM symbol interval. ### Claim 23 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing system is configured to generate the frame to include a first subframe comprising the first and second portions, wherein the processing system is configured to generate the frame to include: a second subframe comprising a third portion and a fourth portion; a third subframe comprising a fifth portion and a sixth portion; and a fourth subframe comprising a seventh portion and an eighth portion. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the processing system is configured to configure: the second portion to include a first time-domain sequence; the fourth portion to include a second time-domain sequence that is orthogonal to the first time-domain sequence, wherein the interface is configured to output the first time-domain sequence and second time-domain sequence for transmission in a time-aligned manner during a first OFDM symbol interval; the sixth portion to include a third time-domain sequence; the eighth portion to include a fourth time-domain sequence that is orthogonal to the third time-domain sequence, wherein the interface is configured to output the third time-domain sequence and the fourth time-domain sequence for transmission in a time-aligned manner during a second OFDM symbol interval. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the processing system is configured to configure: the third and fourth subframes such that the interface does not produce an output from the third and fourth subframes for transmission during the first symbol interval; and the first and second subframes such that the interface does not produce an output from the first and second subframes for transmission during the second symbol interval. ### Claim 26 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing system is configured to configure the first portion for transmission via a first frequency channel, wherein the processing system is configured to generate the frame to include a third portion for transmission via a second frequency channel spaced apart in frequency from the first frequency channel, wherein the processing system is configured to configure the third portion to be decodable by the first device and the second device, and wherein the processing system is configured to configure the second portion for transmission via a bonded frequency channel including at least a portion of the first frequency channel and at least a portion of the second frequency channel. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the processing system is configured to configure the second portion to include a frequency-domain pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) data for transmission via subcarriers of an OFDM transmission. ### Claim 28 (depends on 26) The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the processing system is configured to configure the second portion to include a time-domain sequence. ### Claim 29 (depends on 26) The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the processing system is configured to configure the second portion to include a sequence of frequency-domain pilots for transmission via subcarriers of an OFDM transmission. ### Claim at position 30 30-88. (canceled) ### Claim 89 A wireless node, comprising: at least one antenna; a processing system configured to generate a frame comprising a first portion and a second portion, said first portion being decodable by a first device operating according to a first protocol, said second portion not being decodable by the first device, wherein the first and second portions are decodable by a second device operating according to a second protocol; and an interface configured to output the frame for transmission via the at least one antenna.