# US 2017/0256368 A1 · Electrolyte formulations for energy storage devices > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2017/0256368 A1 - Document ID: US20170256368A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 15/442,080 - Filed: 2017-02-24 - Published: 2017-09-07 - Earliest claimed: 2016-03-01 - Assignees: Maxwell Technologies, Inc. - Applicants: Maxwell Technologies, Inc. - Inventors: Santhanam Raman; Xiaomei Xi; Xiang-Rong Ye; Jian Hong - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20170256368A1 ## CPC - H01G 11/50: specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation - H01G 11/52: Separators - H01G 11/60: characterised by the solvent - H01G 11/62: characterised by the solute, e.g. salts, anions or cations therein - H01G 11/64: characterised by additives - H01G 11/84: Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof - H01G 11/06: with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC] - Y02E 60/13: Energy storage using capacitors - Y02T 10/70: Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries - H01G: CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE (selection of specified materials as dielectric H01B3/00; capacitors having potential barriers H10D1/62, H10K10/10) - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION - Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION ## Abstract An energy storage device can include a cathode, an anode, and a separator between the cathode and the anode, and an electrolyte where the electrolyte includes one or more additives and/or solvent components selected from vinylene carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), dimethylacetamide (DMAc), hydro fluorinated ether branched cyclic carbonate, a hydro fluorinated ether ethylene carbonate (HFEEC), hydro fluorinated ether (HFE), and fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC). The electrolyte may include a carbonate based solvent and one or more solvent components and/or one or more of vinylene carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), dimethylacetamide (DMAc), hydro fluorinated ether branched cyclic carbonate, a hydro fluorinated ether ethylene carbonate (HFEEC), hydro fluorinated ether (HFE), and fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC). ## Claims ### Claim 1 A lithium ion capacitor comprising: a cathode; an anode; a separator between the cathode and the anode; and an electrolyte comprising a solvent, a lithium salt, and one or more additives; wherein the one or more additives is selected from the group consisting of vinylene carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), a hydro fluorinated ether ethylene carbonate (HFEEC), dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), a hydro fluorinated ether (HFE), hydro fluorinated ether branched cyclic carbonate, and a fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC), and combinations thereof; and wherein the electrolyte comprises each of the one or more additives in about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt %. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The lithium ion capacitor of claim 1, wherein the solvent comprises one or more carbonates. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The lithium ion capacitor of claim 2, wherein the one or more carbonates are selected from the group consisting of EC (ethylene carbonate), PC (propylene carbonate), DEC (diethylcarbonate), DMC (dimethylcarbonate), EMC (ethyl methyl carbonate), and combinations thereof. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The lithium ion capacitor of claim 3, wherein the solvent comprises EC/PC/DEC, EC/DEC/DMC/EB, EC/EMC, EC/EMC/MP, EC/DEC/DMC/EMC, or EC/DMC/EB. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The lithium ion capacitor of claim 4, wherein the solvent comprises EC/PC/DEC in a ratio of about 3:1:4 by volume, EC/DEC/DMC/EB in a ratio of about 1:1:1:1 by volume, EC/EMC in a ratio of about 3:7 by volume, EC/EMC/MP in a ratio of about 1:1:8 by volume, EC/DEC/DMC/EMC in a ratio of about 1:1:1:2 by volume, or EC/DMC/EB in a ratio of about 1:1:1 by volume. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The lithium ion capacitor of claim 1, wherein the solvent comprises an ester selected from the group consisting of MP (methyl propionate), EB (ethyl butyrate), MB (methyl butyrate), EA (ethyl acetate), and combinations thereof. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The lithium ion capacitor of claim 1, wherein the lithium salt is LiPF6. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The lithium ion capacitor of claim 7, wherein the LiPF6 is present in the electrolyte in a concentration of about 0.8 to 1.4 M. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) The lithium ion capacitor of claim 7, wherein the LiPF6 is present in the electrolyte in a concentration of about 0.6 to 0.95 M. ### Claim 10 A lithium ion capacitor comprising: a cathode; an anode; a separator between the cathode and the anode; and an electrolyte comprising a solvent, a lithium salt, and one or more additives; wherein the one or more additives is selected from the group consisting of an anode passivation film forming agent, a cathode protection and overcharge protection agent, an electrolyte stabilizer, and combinations thereof; and wherein the electrolyte comprises each of the one or more additives in about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt %. ### Claim at position 11 -22. (canceled) ### Claim 23 A method for fabricating a lithium ion capacitor comprising: providing a cathode; providing an anode; placing a separator between the cathode and the anode; inserting the cathode, the anode, and the separator into a housing; and adding an electrolyte to the housing, and contacting the electrolyte with the cathode and the anode; wherein the electrolyte comprises a solvent, a lithium salt, and one or more additives; wherein the one or more additives is selected from the group consisting of an anode passivation film forming agent, a cathode protection and overcharge protection agent, and an electrolyte stabilizer, and combinations thereof; and wherein the electrolyte comprises each of the one or more additives in about 0.5 wt % to about 5 wt %. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The method of claim 23, wherein the anode comprises a current collector and an electrode film formed using a dry process from a dry particles mixture. ### Claim 25 (depends on 23) The method of claim 23, wherein the solvent comprises one or more carbonates. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The method of claim 25, wherein the one or more carbonates are selected from the group consisting of EC (ethylene carbonate), PC (propylene carbonate), DEC (diethylcarbonate), DMC (dimethylcarbonate), EMC (ethyl methyl carbonate), and combinations thereof. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The method of claim 26, wherein the solvent comprises EC/PC/DEC, EC/DEC/DMC/EB, EC/EMC, EC/EMC/MP, EC/DEC/DMC/EMC, or EC/DMC/EB. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The method of claim 27, wherein the solvent comprises EC/PC/DEC in a ratio of about 3:1:4 by volume, EC/DEC/DMC/EB in a ratio of about 1:1:1:1 by volume, EC/EMC in a ratio of about 3:7 by volume, EC/EMC/MP in a ratio of about 1:1:8 by volume, EC/DEC/DMC/EMC in a ratio of about 1:1:1:2 by volume, or EC/DMC/EB in a ratio of about 1:1:1 by volume. ### Claim 29 (depends on 23) The method of claim 23, wherein the solvent comprises an ester selected from the group consisting of MP (methyl propionate), EB (ethyl butyrate), MB (methyl butyrate), EA (ethyl acetate), and combinations thereof. ### Claim 30 (depends on 23) The method of claim 23, wherein the lithium salt is LiPF6. ### Claim 31 (depends on 30) The method of claim 30, wherein the LiPF6 is present in the electrolyte in a concentration of about 0.8 to 1.4 M. ### Claim 32 (depends on 30) The method of claim 30, wherein the LiPF6 is present in the electrolyte in a concentration of about 0.6 to 0.95 M.