Lithium-metal batteries having improved dimensional stability and methods of manufacture

A battery pack, comprising:

• at least one lithium-metal battery having an anode cell electrochemically coupled to a cathode cell, the anode cell comprising:
• a container having a first portion and a second portion to form an enclosed cavity, the first portion electrically-conductive and chemically-stable to lithium metal, the second portion permeable to lithium ions and chemically-stable to lithium metal,
• an anode comprising lithium metal and disposed within the enclosed cavity, the anode in contact with the first portion and the second portion, and
• wherein the enclosed cavity is configured such that volumetric expansion and contraction of the anode during charging and discharging is accommodated entirely therein.

A method of manufacturing a lithium-metal battery, the method comprising:

• depositing a seed layer of lithium metal onto a surface of a substrate, the seed layer covering a predetermined area of the surface, the predetermined area matching an orifice of a cavity within an electrically-conductive container;
• coupling the electrically-conductive container to the substrate so as to enclose the seed layer within the cavity, the seed layer in contact with the electrically-conductive container;
• and
• wherein the substrate comprises a solid-state lithium-ion conductor.