Sodium ceramic electrolyte battery

A sodium-ion battery comprising:

• a) a positive electrode compartment comprising a positive electrode, said positive electrode comprising a compound selected from the group consisting of:
• a sodium transition metal based oxide of formula (I):
• NaxMyOw (I)
• wherein M is a transition metal ion or a combination of multivalent ions comprising at least one transition metal ion;
• 0<x≦1;
• 0<y≦1;
• w≧2;
• and
• a sodium metal salt of formula (II):
• NaxMy(XO4)vFz (II)
• wherein M is a transition metal ion or a combination of multivalent ions comprising at least one transition metal;
• X is S or P;
• 0<x≦3;
• 0<y≦2;
• 1≦v≦3;
• 0≦z≦3;
• b) a negative electrode compartment comprising a negative electrode, said negative electrode comprising solid metallic sodium or an alloy comprising solid metallic sodium;
• c) an electrolyte composition comprising:
• a solid sodium-ion conductive ceramic electrolyte, wherein said ceramic electrolyte has:
• an anode side in contact with the solid metallic sodium, or with the alloy comprising solid metallic sodium, comprised in the negative electrode of the negative electrode compartment, and
• a cathode side in contact with the positive electrode compartment,
• so as said solid sodium-ion conductive ceramic electrolyte separates the negative and positive electrode compartments;
• a catholyte, said catholyte comprising a compound selected from:
• a metallic salt represented by the formula (III) or a mixture thereof, optionally dissolved in an organic solvent or in an ionic liquid:
• MY (III)
• wherein:
• M is a cation selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal and an alkali-earth metal;
• and
• Y is an anion selected from the group consisting of R1SO2NSO2R2, CF3SO3−, C(CN)3−, B(C2O4)2− and BF2(C2O4)−, wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from fluorine or a fluoroalkyl group;
• and
• a salt selected from the group consisting of NaSbF6, NaAsF6, NaBF4, NaClO4, NaPF6 and a mixture thereof, dissolved in an organic solvent or in an ionic liquid;
• wherein said catholyte is located within the positive electrode compartment in contact with the positive electrode and with the cathode side of the solid ceramic electrolyte;
• and
• optionally, an anolyte, said anolyte comprising a compound selected from the group consisting of:
• a metallic salt represented by the formula (III), or a mixture of thereof, optionally dissolved in an organic solvent or in an ionic liquid:
• MY (III)
• wherein:
• M is a cation selected from an alkali metal and an alkali-earth metal;
• and
• Y is an anion selected from the group consisting of R1SO2NSO2R2, CF3SO3−, C(CN)3−, B(C2O4)2− and BF2(C2O4)−, wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from fluorine or a fluoroalkyl group.
• and
• a salt selected from the group consisting of NaSbF6, NaAsF6, NaBF4, NaClO4, NaPF6 and a mixture thereof, dissolved in an organic solvent or in an ionic liquid;
• wherein said anolyte is located within the negative electrode compartment in contact with the negative electrode.