Circuit closer and circuit closing system

2:

• The circuit closer according to claim 1, wherein
• the distance d2 is set such that a 50% dielectric breakdown field intensity (E50) is greater than a maximum electric field intensity on a surface of an electrode on a cathode side when the charge voltage V is applied between the pair of electrodes, the 50% dielectric breakdown field intensity (E50) being a median value of a Weibull distribution determined by an approximate expression obtained for an electric field range area (S90) up to 90% of the maximum electric field intensity on an electrode surface area on the cathode side.

3:

• The circuit closer according to claim 1, wherein
• an operation distance of the operation device is shorter than a gap d0 between the pair of electrodes during circuit opening.

4:

• The circuit closer according to claim 1, wherein
• a surface shape of an opposing surface of an electrode on a cathode side of the pair of electrodes oppositely disposed is formed such that an outer circumferential portion thereof protrudes from a center portion thereof toward the opposing electrode so as to increase the area (S90) up to 90% of the maximum electric field intensity.

8:

• The circuit closing system according to claim 7, wherein
• a dielectric breakdown voltage of the second circuit closer is set to be higher than a voltage applied to the second circuit in an open circuit state, and lower than a voltage applied to the second circuit closer in a closed circuit state in which the first circuit closer has undergone dielectric breakdown.

9:

• The circuit closing system according to claim 7, wherein
• a resistor is connected in parallel with each of the first circuit closer and the second circuit, and a capacitor is connected in parallel with each of the first circuit closer and the second circuit closer, or connected in parallel so as to span a plurality of the first circuit closer and the second circuit closers.