A method for treating or preventing a disorder or condition selected from rheumatoid arthritis, myositis, vasculitis, pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, inflammatory bowel disease including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, celiac diseases, proctitis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, or mastocytosis, Alzheimer's disease, lupus, nephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, eczema dermatitis, pruritus or other pruritic conditions, vitiligo, alopecia, autoimmune thyroid disorders, multiple sclerosis, major depression disorder, allergy, asthma, Sjogren's disease, Reiter's syndrome, polymyositis-dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis, polyarteritis nodosa, dry eye syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune atrophic gastritis of pernicious anemia, autoimmune encephalomyelitis, autoimmune orchitis, Goodpasture's disease, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, sympathetic ophthalmia, myasthenia gravis, Graves' disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, chronic aggressive hepatitis, membranous glomerulopathy, organ transplant rejection, graft-versus-host disease, organ and cell transplant rejection such as bone marrow, cartilage, cornea, heart, intervertebral disc, islet, kidney, limb, liver, lung, muscle, myoblast, nerve, pancreas, skin, small intestine, or trachea, or xeno transplantation, including Cogan's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, autoimmune alopecia, Type I or juvenile onset diabetes, and complications from diabetes, or thyroiditis, chronic pulmonary obstructive disorder, acute respiratory disease, cachexia, cancer, including alimentary/gastrointestinal tract cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, skin cancer including mast cell tumor and squamous cell carcinoma, breast and mammary cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, leukemia, adult T cell leukemia activated B-cell like, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, kidney cancer, lung cancer, muscle cancer, bone cancer, bladder cancer, brain cancer, melanoma including oral and metastatic melanoma, Kaposi's sarcoma septic shock, cardiopulmonary dysfunction, acute myeloid leukemia, T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, multiple myeloma, myeloproliferative disorders, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, or angiogenic-associated disorders including solid tumors, pancreatic cancer, brain tumors, gliomas including astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and glioblastoma, acute CNS trauma including traumatic brain injury, encephalitis, stroke, and spinal cord injury, epilepsy, seizures, chronic neuroinflammation associated with neurodegeneration including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis, Huntington's disease, cerebral ischemia, fronto-temporal lobe dementia, and with neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, treatment resistant depression, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, anxiety, and auto-antibodies mediated encephalopathies, Eye diseases, disorders or conditions including autoimmune diseases of the eye, keratoconjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, uveitis including uveitis associated with Behcet's disease and lens-induced uveitis, keratitis, herpetic keratitis, conical keratitis, corneal epithelial dystrophy, keratoleukoma, ocular premphigus, Mooren's ulcer, scleritis, Grave's ophthalmopathy, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye), phlyctenule, iridocyclitis, sarcoidosis, endocrine ophthalmopathy, sympathetic ophthalmitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and ocular neovascularization, comprising the step of administering to a subject an effective amount of a composition comprising a compound having the structure:
- or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, or an enantiomer or diastereomer thereof, and wherein
- R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl, comprising 5- and/or 6-membered rings, (aryl)C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl, (heteroaryl)C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl, (heterocyclic)C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl, (C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl)aryl, (C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl)heteroaryl, (C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl)heterocyclic, C1-C6 linear or branched chain perfluoroalkyl, C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkoxy, C1-C6 linear or branched chain perfluoroalkoxy, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, amino, carboxy, aminocarbonyl, (C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl)aminocarbonylamino, (C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl)aminocarbonyl, —SOR12, —SO2R12, —NR13SO2R12, —SO2NR13R14, and —NR13SO2NR14R15;
- where said alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl is independently optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, methoxy, amino, cyano, alkylamino, dialkylamino, CF3, aminocarbonyl, (C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl)aminocarbonyl, and C3-C6 cycloalkyl;
- R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl, C1-C6 linear or branched chain perfluoroalkyl, halogen, and cyano;
- A is —(CRaRb)q—(CRcRd)r—, wherein Ra, Rb, Rc, and Rd are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl, C1-C6 linear or branched chain perfluoroalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl, comprising 5- and/or 6-membered rings, alkylaryl, (aryl)C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl, (heteroaryl)C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkoxy, amino, carboxy, aminocarbonyl, (heterocyclic)C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl, (C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl)aryl, (C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl)heteroaryl, and (C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl)heterocyclic, where said alkyl is further optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, methoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, CF3, and C3-C6 cycloalkyl;
- R0, R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl, C1-C6 linear or branched chain perfluoroalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl, comprising 5- and/or 6-membered rings, (aryl)C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl, (heteroaryl)C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl, heteroaryl, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkoxy, amino, carboxy, aminocarbonyl, (heterocyclic)C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl, (C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl)aryl, (C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl)heteroaryl, and (C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl)heterocyclic, where said alkyl is further optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, methoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, CF3, and C3-C6 cycloalkyl;
- where, alternatively, R0 or R1, and/or R6 or R7, respectively together with either of R4, R5, Ra, Rb, Rc or Rd, may independently form a bond, or a C1-C6 linear alkyl chain;
- and/or, alternatively, R4 or R5, respectively together with either of Ra, Rb, Rc or Rd, may independently form a bond or a C1-C6 linear alkyl chain;
- and/or, alternatively, R8 and R9 may together form a 3-6-membered ring optionally containing one or two O or N atoms;
- R11 is hydrogen or deuterium;
- R12, R13, R14 and R15 are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl, C1-C6 linear or branched chain perfluoroalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, alkylaryl, and (aryl)C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl;
- Y is O or N, where when Y is O, n is 0:
- one and only one of the dotted bonds to Z and Z′ constitutes a single bond, the other being absent, and either Z is C when the dotted bond to Z is a single bond, and Z′ is N or CR16;
- or, Z is CR16 or N when the dotted bond to Z′ is a single bond, and Z′ is C;
- where R16 is C1-C4 alkyl, C6-C10 aryl, monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl, comprising 5- and/or 6-membered rings, (aryl)C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl, (heteroaryl)C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl, (heterocyclic)C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl, (C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl)aryl, (C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl)heteroaryl, or (C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl)heterocyclic, where said alkyl is further optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, methoxy, amino, CF3, and C3-C6 cycloalkyl;
- X and the dotted bonds thereto may be present or absent, whereby, (a) if X is present, Y is N, and X is O or —(CReRf)s—, where Re and Rf are independently hydrogen, deuterium, halo, hydroxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, amino, CF3, C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl, comprising 5- and/or 6-membered rings, (aryl)C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl, (C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl)heteroaryl, (heteroaryl)C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl, or (heterocyclic)C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl, and said dotted bonds are present and are single bonds, whereby when n is 0, and X is O, said O is bonded to H, and said dotted bond between X and —CH2)n— is absent, and when X is —(CReRf)s—, and X is bonded directly to Y;
- and (b) if X is absent, said dotted bonds are absent and n is 0, whereby when Y is N, either (i) said N atom is substituted by H, (ii) Z is C, Z′ is C or N, the dotted bond to Z is a single bond, the dotted bond to Z′ being absent, or (iii) Z is C or N, Z′ is C, the dotted bond to Z′ is a single bond, the dotted bond to Z being absent, where said Y being an N atom may together with R2 the atoms intervening therebetween form a 6-membered ring optionally substituted by C1-C6 linear or branched chain alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl;
- and,
- n, p, q, r and s are independently 0, 1 or 2.