A method of treating an individual in need of granulocytes comprising administering a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound to said individual, wherein the compound is 4-(amino)-2-(2,6-dioxo(3-piperidyl))-isoindoline-1,3-dione or 3-(4-amino-1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-piperidine-2,6-dione, and wherein said compound, when contacted with mammalian CD34+ or CD133+ hematopoietic stem cells in vitro detectably increases the number of CFU-GM and detectably decreases the number of BFU-E differentiated from said stem cells relative to the numbers of CFU-GM and BFU-E differentiated from mammalian CD34+ or CD133+ hematopoietic stem cells not contacted with said compound.