Nad analogs and methods of using said nad analogs in determining ribosylation of proteins with parp mutants

A compound of the formula compound of the formula:

• wherein:
• X1 is -A1-Y1, wherein:
• A1 is —O—, —S—, or —NR2—;
• wherein:
• R2 is hydrogen, alkyl(C≦6), or substituted alkyl(C≦6);
• and
• Y1 is alkyl(C≦12), alkenyl(C≦12), alkynyl(C≦12), aryl(C≦12), aralkyl(C≦12), heteroaryl(C≦12), acyl(C≦12), alkoxy(C≦12), or a substituted version of any of these groups;
• or
• R2 and Y1 are taken together and are alkanediyl(C≦8), alkoxydiyl(C≦8), alkylaminodiyl(C≦8), or a substituted version of any of these groups;
• X1 is -A2-L1-Y2, wherein:
• A2 is —O—, —S—, or —NR3—;
• wherein:
• R3 is hydrogen, alkyl(C≦6), or substituted alkyl(C≦6);
• L1 is a linker;
• and
• Y2 is a solid support, a biotin, a fluorophore, a protein, an enzyme, a DNA sequence, or an antibody;
• R1 is amino, aminosulfonyl, carboxy, cyano, halo, hydroxy, hydroxysulfonyl, hydroxyamino, mercapto, nitro, or
• alkyl(C≦6), alkoxy(C≦6), acyloxy(C≦6), alkylamino(C≦6), dialkylamino(C≦6), amido(C≦6), or a substituted version of any of these groups;
• and
• n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;
• or a salt, a reduced form, or tautomer thereof.