# US 2016/0258288 A1 · Rotatable sensors for measuring characteristics of subterranean formation

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- Number: US 2016/0258288 A1
- Document ID: US20160258288A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 14/429,068
- Filed: 2014-04-01
- Published: 2016-09-08
- Earliest claimed: 2014-04-01
- Assignees: Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
- Applicants: Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
- Inventors: Richard Thomas Hay; Burkay Donderici
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20160258288A1

## CPC

- E21B 49/00: Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B 7/06: Deflecting the direction of boreholes
- E21B 47/01: Devices for supporting measuring instruments on drill bits, pipes, rods or wirelines; Protecting measuring instruments in boreholes against heat, shock, pressure or the like
- E21B 47/024: of devices in the borehole (determining slope or direction of the borehole E21B47/022)
- G01B 7/30: for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
- G01V 3/28: using induction coils
- E21B 4/00: Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B: EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- G01B: MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01V: GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS (means for indicating the location of accidentally buried, e.g. snow-buried, persons A63B29/02)

## Abstract

Sensor assemblies are described for measuring isotropic, anisotropic, or directionally dependent, characteristics of a subterranean formation. Sensor assemblies can include sensors deployed on a tool string. One or more of the sensors can be rotatable relative to the tool string. Rotating one or more sensors relative to the tool string can provide data about the subterranean formation at multiple points around the tool string.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A downhole assembly, comprising:
a tool string;
a directionally-dependent transmitter coupled with the tool string; and
a directionally-dependent receiver coupled with the tool string, wherein at least one of the directionally dependent receiver and the directionally dependent transmitter is rotatable relative to the tool string.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The downhole assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
at least one angular position sensor arranged with a known rotational relationship with the at least one of the transmitter or the receiver rotatable relative to the tool string.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The downhole assembly of claim 2, further comprising a communication unit communicatively coupled with the receiver and the at least one angular position sensor.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The downhole assembly of claim 2, further comprising:
a motor coupled with at least one of the transmitter or the receiver, wherein the transmitter or the receiver is rotatable relative to the tool string in response to the motor rotating.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The downhole assembly of claim 4, further comprising a second motor and a drill bit rotatable in response to the second motor rotating, wherein the motor coupled with the transmitter or the receiver is rotatable independently of the second motor.

### Claim 6 (depends on 4)

The downhole assembly of claim 4, wherein the transmitter or the receiver is positioned uphole of the motor.

### Claim 7 (depends on 4)

The downhole assembly of claim 4, wherein the transmitter or the receiver is positioned downhole of the motor.

### Claim 8 (depends on 2)

The downhole assembly of claim 2, further comprising a motor and a drill bit rotatable in response to the motor rotating, wherein the transmitter or the receiver is positioned at the drill bit or adjacent to the drill bit.

### Claim 9 (depends on 2)

The downhole assembly of claim 2, wherein the transmitter or the receiver is rotatable relative to the tool string in a direction opposite to a direction of rotation of the tool string.

### Claim 10 (depends on 2)

The downhole assembly of claim 2, wherein the transmitter is rotatable relative to the tool string and the receiver is rotatable relative to the tool string.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The downhole assembly of claim 10, further comprising a motor coupled with the transmitter and the receiver, wherein the transmitter and the receiver are rotatable together relative to the tool string in response to the motor rotating.

### Claim 12 (depends on 10)

The downhole assembly of claim 10, wherein the at least one angular position sensor includes a first angular position sensor and a second angular position sensor, the downhole assembly further comprising:
a first motor coupled with the transmitter, wherein the transmitter is rotatable relative to the tool string in response to the first motor rotating and the first angular position sensor is arranged with a first known rotational relationship with the transmitter; and
a second motor coupled with the receiver, wherein the receiver is rotatable relative to the tool string in response to the second motor rotating and the second angular position sensor is arranged with a second known rotational relationship with the receiver.

### Claim 13

A system comprising:
a tool string;
a transmitter rotatable relative to the tool string;
a first angular position sensor arranged with a first known rotational relationship with the transmitter;
a receiver rotatable relative to tool string;
a second angular position sensor arranged with a second known rotational relationship with the receiver; and
an information handling system communicatively coupled with at least the receiver, the information handling system comprising a processor and a memory device coupled with the processor, the memory device containing a set of instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to determine a characteristic of a subterranean formation relative to the tool string based, at least in part, on outputs received from the receiver, the first angular position sensor, and the second angular position sensor.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The system of claim 13, further comprising:
a motor torsionally coupled with at least one of the transmitter or the receiver for rotating the torsionally coupled antenna or antennas; and
a motor controller communicatively coupled with the motor and the information handling system, wherein the set of instructions contained in the memory device of the information handling system further comprise instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to instruct the motor controller to control a speed of the torsionally coupled antenna or antennas by controlling a speed of the motor.

### Claim 15 (depends on 13)

The system of claim 13, wherein the receiver comprises a receive antenna oriented substantially parallel to a transmit antenna of the transmitter and at least one of the transmit antenna or the receive antenna is tilted with respect to a longitudinal axis of the tool string, wherein the set of instructions contained in the memory device of the information handling system further comprise instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to determine the characteristic of the subterranean formation at a position ahead of an end of the tool string based, at least in part, on the parallel orientation of the receive antenna and the transmit antenna.

### Claim 16 (depends on 13)

The system of claim 13, wherein the receiver comprises a receive antenna oriented substantially perpendicular to a transmit antenna of the transmitter, wherein the set of instructions contained in the memory device of the information handling system further comprise instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to determine the characteristic of the subterranean formation at a position lateral to the tool string in a direction lateral to a direction of travel of an end of the tool string based, at least in part, on the perpendicular orientation of the receive antenna and the transmit antenna.

### Claim 17 (depends on 13)

The system of claim 13, wherein at least one of the transmitter or the receiver includes an antenna having a first winding arranged in a first winding plane and a second winding arranged in a second winding plane, the first winding being tilted relative to the second winding, wherein the set of instructions contained in the memory device of the information handling system further comprise instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to determine the characteristic of the subterranean formation at a first position in the first winding plane and at a second position in the second winding plane based, at least in part, on respective orientations of the receiver and the transmitter.

### Claim 18

A method comprising:
transmitting a first signal via a transmitter coupled with a tool string in a subterranean formation;
receiving a second signal associated with the first signal via a receiver coupled with the tool string, wherein the transmitter or the receiver is rotating relative to the tool string;
detecting an angular position of the transmitter or the receiver as the transmitter or the receiver rotates relative to the tool string; and
determining a characteristic of the subterranean formation at a position relative to tool string based, at least in part, on the second signal and the angular position.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The method of claim 18, wherein using the second signal and the angular position to determine a characteristic of the subterranean formation at a position relative to the tool string includes determining a resistivity of a region of the formation at a distance from the tool string and in a direction from the tool string.

### Claim 20 (depends on 18)

The method of claim 18, further comprising:
receiving a third signal associated with the first signal via a second receiver coupled with the tool string at a position between the first receiver and the transmitter, wherein the transmitter or the second receiver is rotating relative to the tool string;
if the second receiver is rotating relative to the tool string, detecting a second angular position of the receiver as the second receiver rotates relative to the tool string;
using a first combination or a second combination to determine the characteristic of the formation at a second position relative to the tool string, the first combination including the third signal and the first angular position, the second combination including the third signal and the second angular position; and
creating a profile of the characteristic of the formation based, at least in part, on the determination of the characteristic of the formation at the first position and the determination of the characteristic of the formation at the second position.