# US 2016/0258258 A1 · Method and tool for perforating a wellbore casing in a formation using a sand jet, and using such tool to further frac the formation

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- Number: US 2016/0258258 A1
- Document ID: US20160258258A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 14/637,114
- Filed: 2015-03-03
- Published: 2016-09-08
- Earliest claimed: 2015-03-03
- Inventors: William JANI
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20160258258A1

## CPC

- E21B 43/114: Perforators using direct fluid action {on the wall to be perforated}, e.g. abrasive jets
- E21B 23/006: {"J-slot" systems, i.e. lug and slot indexing mechanisms}
- E21B 33/124: Units with longitudinally-spaced plugs for isolating the intermediate space
- E21B 33/129: with mechanical slips for hooking into the casing (E21B33/122, E21B33/124 take precedence)
- E21B 34/10: operated by control fluid supplied from outside the borehole
- E21B 43/26: by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B 2200/06: Sleeve valves
- E21B: EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS

## Abstract

A tool and method employing sand jetting to perforate a wellbore casing at various locations using sandjetting, and to further flush/clean the wellbore in the region of the tool, and to further frac the formation, all without having to remove the tool from the wellbore. An uphole and downhole packer is provided, uphole of which a sand jet port is provided for jetting a fluid stream containing sand. Locking jaw members and a ‘j’ slot subassembly, downhole of both the jet port and frac port are together used to set and unset the tool in the wellbore for the fracking operation. A slidable sleeve is utilized to open and close the jet port, and a piston member is further provided to set the upper packer member. A bypass port, which is selectively openable and closeable, is provided to assist in moving the tool uphole during the perforating and fracking process.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A downhole tool for creating perforations in a wellbore casing and further injecting a fluid in the created perforations using such tool, comprising:
an elongate substantially cylindrical member, having a hollow bore and an outer periphery, adapted for insertion in a wellbore, comprising:
(i) an uphole cylindrical, hollow slidable sleeve within said bore;
(ii) a jet port, situated in said outer periphery, configured to direct a stream of pressurized abrasive fluid radially outwardly from said tool, fluid communication of said jet port with said bore allowed and prevented by slidable movement of said slidable sleeve;
(iii) an uphole packer member, situated on a portion of said periphery downhole of said jet port;
(iv) an expandable chamber and associated piston member, said chamber adapted to receive fluid under pressure from said bore and cause said associated piston member, when pressurized fluid is supplied to said bore, to compress and outwardly expand said uphole packer member;
(v) a downhole packer member, situated on a portion of said periphery downhole of said uphole packer member; slidably moveable on said cylindrical member;
(vi) a frac port in said periphery of said cylindrical member, intermediate said uphole and said downhole packer members;
(vii) a slidably moveable guide member, having radially protruding slip members thereon configured to frictionally engage said wellbore casing when said tool is inserted therein, said guide member situated on said tool downhole of said downhole packer member, said guide member further having radially expandable jaw members on an uphole side thereof; and
(viii) a ‘j’ slot subassembly within said tool, situated downhole of said downhole packer member, and having an associated cylindrical hollow mandrel with a slotted profile therein;
wherein said ‘j’ slot subassembly, when downward force is applied to said tool and said guide member frictionally engages said wellbore casing , said ‘j’ slot subassembly does not allow further relative downward movement of a lower portion of said downhole packer member relative to said guide member and thus does not allow said jaw members to become actuated; and
wherein said ‘j’ slot sub-assembly, when an upward pulling force is applied to said tool and thereafter a downward force is re-applied to said tool, is then in a ‘set’ position where:
(i) said lower portion of said downhole packer member is allowed further downward downhole movement to allow said lower portion of said downhole packer member to be forced against said jaw members so as to expand them radially outwardly to engage said wellbore casing.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The downhole tool as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a bypass port in said periphery, uphole of said downhole packer, configured when open to provide fluid communication between an exterior of said tool and said interior bore and permit fluid exterior to said tool and above said downhole packer member to flow into said bore; and
a slidable valve member which slidably opens and closes said bypass port; and
wherein when an upward force is exerted on said tool said slidable valve member in an open position thereby keeping open said bypass port, and
wherein subsequently actuating said ‘j’ slot to said ‘set’ position by subsequent downward force on said tool and/or fluid pressure is further applied to said bore, the slidable valve member moves to a closed position thereby closing said bypass port.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The downhole tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein said uphole slidable sleeve is adapted to be moved so as to uncover said jet port when said guide member remains at a specific location within said wellbore casing and said remainder of said tool is raised uphole.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The downhole tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein said slidable sleeve is adapted to be moved so as to uncover said jet port by a pick-up tool insertable within said bore of said tool.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The downhole tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein said uphole slidable sleeve is configured to move so as to uncover said jet port when hydraulic fluid pressure is provided to said bore of said tool.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The downhole tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein said bore, in the region of said frac port, is provided with deflector to deflect fracking fluid out said frac port.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The downhole tool as claimed in claim 1, further having an annular cup seal on said periphery of said tool intermediate said jet port and said downhole packer member, which reduces flow of abrasive pressurized fluid and associated wellbore casing cuttings downhole.

### Claim 8

A method for creating perforations in a wellbore casing using jet abrasion and fracturing a hydrocarbon formation by injecting a pressurized fracking fluid into said formation via the created perforation without having to trip a jet abrasion tool out of said wellbore, such method at least in part comprising the steps of:
(i) running said tool, which possesses a hollow bore in the region of a jet port and a frac port thereon, into said wellbore casing to a desired depth within said wellbore casing;
(ii) causing a slidable sleeve covering said jet port to move so as to allow fluid communication between said bore of said tool and said jet port;
(iii) injecting an abrasive pressurized fluid within said wellbore and within said bore and causing said jet port to expel said abrasive fluid in a radially outward manner to thereby create a perforation in said wellbore casing at said desired depth;
(iv) ceasing injection of said abrasive pressurized fluid;
(v) pulling upwardly on said tool to position said created perforation along said wellbore casing between an uphole and downhole packer member situated on such tool;
(vi) pushing slightly down on an upper portion of said tool to thereby push said slidable sleeve back over said jet port so as to close said jet port and to further cause jaw members on such tool to be forced against said wellbore casing so as to thereby secure said tool within said wellbore casing and to cause said downhole packer member to become compressed and to expand radially outwardly;
(vii) injecting said pressurized fracking fluid into said wellbore casing and into said bore, and causing a piston member in said tool to compress said uphole packer member and cause said uphole packer member to expand same radially outwardly, and causing said pressurized fluid to pass into said created perforation via said frac port in said tool;
(viii) ceasing supply of said pressurized fracking fluid; and
(ix) pulling upwardly on said tool to disengage the jaw members and re-position the tool further uphole for creating further perforations and injecting further fracking fluid into further created perforations.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein step (vi) further comprises the step, when pushing downwardly on a portion of the tool uphole of the downhole packer, of closing a bypass port to thereby prevent the otherwise bypass of frac fluid downhole.

### Claim 10 (depends on 8)

The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein step (ii) further comprises the step of pulling an uphole portion of the tool uphole to thereby move said slidable sleeve upward so as to uncover said jet port.

### Claim 11 (depends on 8)

The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein step (ii) further comprises the step of inserting a pick up tool within said wellbore casing and said bore of said tool to move said slidable sleeve uphole to a position uncovering said jet port.

### Claim 12 (depends on 8)

The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein said pressurized abrasive fluid and said pressurized fracking fluid are one and the same fluid.

### Claim 13 (depends on 8)

The method as claimed in claim 8, further comprising a step, after step (iii) but prior to the injection of pressurized fracking fluid in step (vii), injecting a flushing fluid to flush the tool and/or the annular region between the wellbore casing and the tool with said flushing fluid to thereby flush abrasive fluids and/or wellbore casing detritus from the created perforation from said annular region and/or wellbore.

### Claim 14 (depends on 8)

The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the abrasive pressurized fluid and the pressurized fracking fluid are one and the same fluid, and simultaneously with step (vii) causing, by injection of such abrasive/fracking fluid, said slidable sleeve to move to an open position and expelling said abrasive/fracking fluid in a radially outward manner via said jet port to thereby create a further perforation in said wellbore; and
step (ix) further comprises the step of repositioning the tool further uphole so as to further position said upper packer member on said tool above said further perforation, and again supplying said abrasive/fracking fluid to said tool when in said further position to frac the formation in the region of the further perforation in the wellbore.