Measuring instrument

A measuring instrument comprising:

• a light emitting device configured to irradiate light;
• a first light receiving device pair and a second light receiving device pair, each of which has two light receiving devices configured to receive return light of the irradiated light, which returns from an object to be measured;
• a sum signal generating device configured to add an output of one light receiving device and an output of the other light receiving device to make an addition output, in each of the first light receiving device pair and the second light receiving device pair, and configured to add the addition output of the first light receiving device pair and the addition output of the second light receiving device pair to generate a sum signal;
• a difference signal generating device configured to subtract one of an output of one light receiving device and an output of the other light receiving device from the other to make a subtraction output, in each of the first light receiving device pair and the second light receiving device pair, and configured to add the subtraction output of the first light receiving device pair and the subtraction output of the second light receiving device pair to generate a difference signal;
• and
• the differential signal which is subtracted the difference signal from the sum signal.

A measuring instrument comprising:

• a light emitting device configured to irradiate light;
• a first light receiving device, a second light receiving device, a third light receiving device, and a fourth light receiving device, configured to receive return light of the irradiated light, which returns from an object to be measured;
• a first arithmetic operating device configured to arithmetically operate a first addition output and a first subtraction output, the first addition output being obtained by adding outputs of the first light receiving device and the second light receiving device, which are adjacent to each other in one direction, and the first subtraction output being obtained by subtracting one of the outputs of the first light receiving device and the second light receiving device from the other;
• a second arithmetic operating device configured to arithmetically operate a second addition output and a second subtraction output, the second addition output being obtained by adding outputs of the third light receiving device and the fourth light receiving device, which are adjacent to each other in the one direction, and the second subtraction output being obtained by subtracting one of the outputs of the third light receiving device and the fourth light receiving device from the other;
• a third arithmetic operating device configured to arithmetically operate a third addition output and a third subtraction output, the third addition output being obtained by adding outputs of the first light receiving device and the third light receiving device, which are adjacent to each other in another direction that is different from the one direction, and the third subtraction output being obtained by subtracting one of the outputs of the first light receiving device and the third light receiving device from the other;
• a fourth arithmetic operating device configured to arithmetically operate a fourth addition output and a fourth subtraction output, the fourth addition output being obtained by adding outputs of the second light receiving device and the fourth light receiving device, which are adjacent to each other in the another direction, and the fourth subtraction output being obtained by subtracting one of the outputs of the second light receiving device and the fourth light receiving device from the other;
• a first sum signal generating device configured to add the first addition output and the second addition output to generate a sum signal regarding the one direction;
• a first difference signal generating device configured to add the first subtraction output and the second subtraction output to generate a difference signal regarding the one direction;
• a second sum signal generating device configured to add the third addition output and the fourth addition output to generate a sum signal regarding the another direction;
• a second difference signal generating device configured to add the third subtraction output and the fourth subtraction output to generate a difference signal regarding the another direction;
• and
• the differential signal which is subtracted the difference signal from the sum signal, in each of the one direction and the another direction.