System (1, 17) for controlling a supply voltage (B+A) of an on-board electrical network of a motor vehicle, of the type comprising a device (2, 4, 9, 16) of a digital type for regulation of said supply voltage (B+A) and a device (10, 11) for protection against excess voltages of said on-board electrical network, which control jointly excitation of an alternator which supplies said on-board electrical network, wherein said protection device (11) is distinct from said regulation device (2, 4, 9, 16) of a digital type.