# US 2016/0168497 A1 · System and Method for Reducing The Amount of Polluting Contents in the Exhaust Gas of a Liquid Fueled Combustion Engine > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2016/0168497 A1 - Document ID: US20160168497A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 14/908,824 - Filed: 2014-06-20 - Published: 2016-06-16 - Earliest claimed: 2013-07-31 - Assignees: Clariant International Ltd. - Applicants: Clariant International AG - Inventors: Gerd DAHMS - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20160168497A1 ## CPC - C10L 10/02: for reducing smoke development - B01F 23/41: Emulsifying - B01F 27/112: with arms, paddles, vanes or blades - B01F 27/1191: {with a bent rod of non-helical configuration supported at one end} - B01F 33/821: {with consecutive receptacles} - C10L 1/328: {Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase} - F02B 47/02: the substances being water or steam - F02M 25/0225: {Water atomisers or mixers, e.g. using ultrasonic waves} - F02M 25/0228: {Adding fuel and water emulsion} - F02M 25/025: Adding water - B01F 23/4141: {High internal phase ratio [HIPR] emulsions, e.g. having high percentage of internal phase, e.g. higher than 60-90 % of water in oil [W/O]} - B01F 2101/505: {Mixing fuel and water or other fluids to obtain liquid fuel emulsions} - C10L 2250/084: Water in oil (w/o) emulsion - C10L 2270/02: for internal combustion engines - C10L 2290/141: of additive or catalyst - C10L 2290/143: of fuel - C10L 2290/146: of water - C10L 2290/24: Mixing, stirring of fuel components - Y02T 10/12: Improving ICE efficiencies - C10L: FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS - B01F: MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING (mixing paints B44D3/06) - F02B: INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL (gas-turbine plants F02C; hot-gas or combustion-product positive-displacement engine plants F02G) - F02M: SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF - Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION ## Abstract The present invention relates to a method and system for reducing the amount of polluting contents in the exhaust gas of liquid fueled combustion engines, characterized in that a water-in-oil-emulsion is prepared and fed to the combustion system, comprising the steps a) injecting an organic oil phase, an emulsifier and an aqueous phase into a first mixing area; b) mixing of the components in order to achieve a High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE); c) injecting the High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE) of step b) and an additional organic oil phase into a second mixing area; d) mixing the components in order to achieve a homogeneous water-in-oil-emulsion and e) providing the water-in-oil-emulsion to the combustion system. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for reducing the amount of polluting contents in the exhaust gas of a liquid fueled combustion engine, wherein a water-in-oil-emulsion is prepared and fed to the combustion system, comprising the steps of a) injecting an organic oil phase, an emulsifier and an aqueous phase into a first mixing area; b) mixing of the components in order to form a High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE); c) injecting the High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE) of step b) and an additional organic oil phase into a second mixing area; d) mixing the components in order to form a homogeneous water-in-oil-emulsion and e) providing the water-in-oil-emulsion to the combustion system. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the steps c) and d) are performed in 1 to 10 separate mixing areas. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the water content in step b) is ≧60 vol. % and ≦95 vol. %. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method Meth-Gel-according to claim 1, wherein the water content in step e) is ≧0.1 vol. % and ≦30 vol. %. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the emulsifier content in step b) is ≧2 vol. % and ≦5 vol. %. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the emulsifier content in step e) is ≧0.05 vol. % and ≦1 vol. %. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the size of the water droplets in step e) is ≧100 nm and ≦500 nm. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the HLB of the emulsifier added in step a) is ≧1 and ≦9. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method claim 1, wherein the emulsifier in step a) has a shape factor of ≧½ and ≦2, where the shape factor is equal to V/(a0*lc)) for the emulsifier and is determined according to Israelachvili, wherein V is the volume, lc is the length of the tail and a0 is the surface area of the head-group. ### Claim 10 An apparatus for the reducing the polluting content in the exhaust gas of a liquid fueled combustion engine, comprising a mixing system with at least a first and a second mixing area, wherein the output line of the last mixing area is connectable to a combustion system and each mixing area comprises an essentially rotationally symmetric mixing chamber, at least one inlet line for introduction of free-flowing components arranged upstream of or below the at least one outlet line, at least one conveying device per component or per component mixture, a turbulent mixing area on the inlet side, in which the components are mixed turbulently by the shear forces exerted by the stirrer units, a downstream percolating mixing area in which the components are mixed further and the turbulent flow decreases, a stirrer unit which ensures laminar flow and comprises stirrer elements secured on a stirrer shaft, the axis of rotation of which runs along the axis of symmetry of the chamber and the stirrer shaft of which is guided on at least one side, at least one drive for the stirrer unit, wherein the ratio between the distance between inlet and outlet lines and the diameter of the chamber is ≧2:1, the ratio between the distance between inlet and outlet lines and the length of the stirrer arms of the stirrer elements is 3:1 to 50:1, the ratio of the diameter of the stirrer shaft, based on the internal diameter of the chamber, is 0.25 to 0.75 times the internal diameter of the chamber, and wherein the first mixing area comprises at least two input lines a laminar mixing area on the outlet side, in which a lyotropic, liquid-crystalline phase is established in the mixture of the components, in the direction of the outlet line. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The system according to claim 10, wherein the stirrer unit is selected from the group consisting of full-blade-, part-blade-, full-wire-, part-wire-stirrer or a combination thereof. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The system according to claim 10, wherein an additional output line in the last mixing area is connectable to an input line of a previous mixing area. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The system according claim 10, wherein at least one sensor is monitoring the water content in the mixing system. ### Claim 14 (canceled) ### Claim 15 (depends on 10) A combustion engine comprising an apparatus according to claim 10.