Self-biased and Sustainable Microbial Electrohydrogenesis Device

A hybrid photoelectrochemical and microbial fuel cell device, comprising:

• a. a single-chamber photoelectrochemical device, wherein said single-chamber photoelectrochemical device comprises an n-type TiO2 photoanode and a Pt counter electrode in an aqueous electrolyte solution, and;
• b. a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell device, wherein said dual-chamber microbial fuel cell device comprises an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, wherein said anode chamber is separated from said cathode chamber by a cation exchange membrane, wherein said anode chamber comprises a carbon anode and said cathode chamber comprises Pt-loaded carbon cathode, wherein said anode chamber comprises microorganisms, wherein said carbon anode is electrically connected to said Pt counter electrode, wherein said Pt-loaded carbon cathode is electrically connected to said TiO2 photoanode, wherein a light source creates photoexcited electron-hole pairs at said TiO2 photoanode that are separated by an electric field at an interface of said TiO2 photoanode and said electrolyte solution, wherein said holes oxidize water into oxygen, wherein electrons flow from said TiO2 photoanode to said Pt-loaded carbon cathode, wherein dissolved oxygen in said cathode chamber is reduced, wherein said microorganisms oxidize and produce bioelectrons, wherein said bioelectrons are transferred to said Pt electrode and reduce protons to form hydrogen gas.