Betaine compounds as additives for fuels
AssigneeBASF SE
InventorsLudwig VOELKEL, Harald BOEHNKE, Wolfgang GRABARSE, Markus HANSCH, Maxim PERTOLECHIN, Dietmar POSSELT, Jelan KUHN
Life of this patent
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Abstract
The use of betaine compounds of the formula R1—CO—NH—X—NR2R3)+—Y—COO− where R1 denotes a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 5 to 21 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 each independently denote C1- to C4-alkyl radicals, X denotes a hydrocarbon bridging element having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and Y denotes a linear or branched C1- to C4-alkylene group, as additives for fuels, especially as detergent additives for diesel fuels.
Claims14
A process, comprising adding at least one additive comprising a betaine compound of formula (I):
- R1—CO—NH—X—N(R2R3)2+—Y—COO− (I),
- to a fuel,
- wherein:
- R1 is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 5 to 21 carbon atoms;
- R2 and R3 are each independently C1- to C4-alkyl radicals;
- X denotes a hydrocarbon bridging element having 1 to 12 carbon atoms;
- and
- Y is a linear or branched C1- to C4-alkylene group.
An additive concentrate, comprising, in combination with at least one further fuel additive, at least one betaine compound of formula (I):
- R1—CO—NH—X—N(R2R3)2+—Y—COO− (I),
- wherein:
- R1 is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 5 to 21 carbon atoms;
- R2 and R3 are each independently C1- to C4-alkyl radicals;
- X denotes a hydrocarbon bridging element having 1 to 12 carbon atoms;
- and
- Y is a linear or branched C1- to C4-alkylene group.
A process for preparing a betaine compound of formula (I):
- R1—CO—NH—X—N(R2R3)2+—Y—COO− (I),
- wherein:
- R1 is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 5 to 21 carbon atoms:
- R2 and R3 are each independently C1- to C4-alkyl radicals;
- X denotes a hydrocarbon bridging element having 1 to 12 carbon atoms;
- and
- Y is a linear or branched C1- to C4-alkylene group,
- the process comprising:
- quaternizing a carboxamide of formula (II):
- R1—CO—NH—X—NR2R3 (II),
- with a halocarboxylic acid of the general formula (III):
- Hal-Y—COOH (III),
- in which Hal is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine;
- simultaneously or subsequently binding the resulting halide anion with an alkali metal hydroxide of the formula M+OH−, in which M is lithium, sodium or potassium in the form of an inorganic salt of the formula M+Hal−, to form the betaine compound of formula (I);
- and
- removing the inorganic salt M+Hal− to such an extent that, based on the water- and solvent-free solid betaine compound (I), a maximum M+Hal− content of 5% by weight remains in the betaine compound (I).
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.