Electrochromic compound, electrochromic composition, display element, and dimming element

The electrochromic compound according to claim represented by the following general formula (IV) or (V):

• where X3 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group that may contain a substituent;
• to R31 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group that may contain a substituent;
• B1 and B2 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group that may contain a functional group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group that may contain a functional group;
• A1− and A2− are each a monovalent anion;
• m and n are each independently 1, 2, or 3;
• and Y is a bivalent organic group, which contains at least one methylene group, and may contain a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group.

An electrochromic compound, represented by the following general formula (Ia):

• where at least two selected from X1, X2, and X3 each have a structure represented by the general formula (IIa), and when two selected from X1, X7, and X3 each have the structure represented by the general formula (IIa), the rest is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group that may contain a functional group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group that may contain a functional group, or a hydrogen atom;
• Y1 to Y8 are each independently a hydrogen atom, or a monovalent group that may contain a substituent;
• R is a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent group that may contain a functional group;
• and m is any of 0 to 3;
• A− is a monovalent anion, and Y1 to Y8, m, and A− of the general formula (IIa) in X1, X2, or X3 of the general formula (Ia) may be independently different.