Implant with controlled porosity comprising a matrix covered by a bioactive glass or by a hybrid material

A method for manufacturing an implant for filling bone defects, for bone regeneration, and for bone tissue engineering, comprising the following steps:

• a) selecting a bioactive glass M based on SiO2 and CaO, optionally containing P2O5 and/or optionally doped with strontium,
• b) selecting a biodegradable polymer P that is soluble in at least one solvent S1 and insoluble in at least one solvent S,
• c) selecting microspheres of a porogenic agent A having diameters and sizes corresponding to the desired diameters and sizes of the pores in an implant material, the material of this porogenic agent A being a polymer insoluble in the at least one solvent S1 and soluble in the at least one solvent S, the at least one solvent S in which the biodegradable polymer P is insoluble and the at least one solvent S in which the material of the porogenic agent A is soluble being identical,
• d) putting at least 60 vol %, preferably at least 70 vol % relative to the total volume of the mixture of biodegradable polymer P-porogenic agent A introduced into the mold, of microspheres of the porogenic agent A in a mold having the required shape and size for the implant, these microspheres forming a compact stack corresponding to the shape and size of the pores to be obtained in the implant material,
• e) putting the biodegradable polymer P in the mold,
• f) gelling the mixture obtained in step e) in the mold,
• g) removing the mixture obtained in step f) from the mold,
• h) removing the porogenic agent by washing with the at least one solvent S,
• i) crosslinking the mixture obtained in step g), and
• j) coating the mixture obtained in step i) with the bioactive glass M or with a hybrid material H formed from a biodegradable polymer identical to or different than the biodegradable polymer P and from the bioactive glass M.