Electro-diffusion enhanced bio-molecule charge detection using electrostatic interaction

An apparatus comprising:

• a substrate securing a channel located along a surface of the substrate, the channel having an effective width that is not limited by the Debye screening length;
• at least one reservoir configured for containing and presenting a sample having bio-molecules for delivery in the channel;
• a first electrode and a second electrode, each of the electrodes configured for electrically coupling a charge in the sample to enhance ionic current flow therein;
• at least one sense electrode structure including one buried electrode to detect charges of the bio-molecules that are electrically driven along surfaces of the channel and located along the channel, and configured for sensing a characteristic of the biological sample at least partly based on electrostatic interaction between the enhanced ionic current flow of the sample and said at least one sense electrode structure;
• and
• means, including a charge-signal circuit coupled to said at least one sense electrode structure, for processing a signal carried therefrom and providing an output useful for identifying a type of the bio-molecules delivered in the channel.