Apparatuses, methods, systems, and computer-readable media for fluid potential artifact correction in reagent delivery systems

An apparatus comprising:

• a flow cell including a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet;
• an array of electronic sensors cooperatively engaged with the flow cell, each of the electronic sensors including a field effect transistor having a gate electrode, wherein a first subset of the array of electronic sensors is exposed to a fluid within the flow cell, and a second subset of the array of electronic sensors is free of contact with the fluid within the flow cell;
• and
• a sensor electrode in electrical communication with the first subset of the array of electronic sensors through fluid within at least one of the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, wherein the sensor electrode has an output in electrical communication with the gate electrodes of the field effect transistors of the second subset of the array of electronic sensors.

A method for measuring a reaction product, the method comprising:

• flowing a reagent solution into a flow cell in fluid communication with an array of electronic sensors cooperatively engaged with the flow cell, wherein a first subset of the array of electronic sensors is exposed to the reagent solution within the flow cell, a second subset of the array of electronic sensors is free of contact with the reagent solution within the flow cell, and wherein the reagent solution reacts to provide a reaction product;
• measuring a first response of the first subset of the array of electronic sensors to the reaction product;
• measuring a second response of the second subset of the array of electronic sensors, the second subset of the array of electronic sensors in electrical communication with a sensor electrode in fluid communication with the flow cell;
• and
• adjusting the first response of the first subset of the array of electronic sensors based on the second response of the second subset of the array of electronic sensors.

A method for correcting nucleotide incorporation signals for fluid potential effects or disturbances arising in nucleic acid sequencing-by-synthesis, comprising:

• disposing a plurality of template polynucleotide strands in a plurality of defined spaces disposed on a sensor array, at least some of the plurality of template polynucleotide strands having a sequencing primer and a polymerase bound therewith;
• exposing the at least some of the plurality of template polynucleotide strands with the sequencing primer and a polymerase bound therewith to a series of flows of nucleotide species flowed according to a predetermined ordering through a fluid manifold, the fluid manifold comprising passages for flowing the series of flows of the nucleotide species and comprising a branch passage for flowing a solution not comprising the nucleotide species, the branch passage comprising a reference electrode and a sensing electrode;
• obtaining a plurality of nucleotide incorporation signals corresponding to the plurality of defined spaces, the nucleotide incorporation signals having a signal intensity related to a number of nucleotide incorporations having occurred in the corresponding defined space;
• and
• correcting at least some of the plurality of nucleotide incorporation signals for fluid potential effects or disturbances using a mathematical transformation comprising a scale factor determined based on signals obtained from the sensing electrode for each of a plurality of regions of defined spaces on the sensor array.