Catalyst electrodes and method of making it

A hydrogen fuel cell anode comprising:

• a catalyst comprising Pt, the catalyst having surface area;
• an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst on a portion of the surface area of the catalyst comprising Pt;
• and
• at least one of Au, a refractory metal, a refractory metal boride, a refractory metal carbide, a refractory metal nitride, or a refractory metal silicide on a portion of the surface area of the catalyst comprising Pt, wherein the refractory is one of a refractory metal, a refractory metal boride, a refractory metal carbide, a refractory metal nitride, or a refractory metal silicide is independently selected from the group consisting of Hf, Nb, Os, Re, Rh, Ta, Ti, W, Zr, and combinations thereof,
• wherein a portion of the surface area of the catalyst comprising Pt is not covered by either the oxygen evolution reaction catalyst or collectively the Au, the refractory metal, refractory metal boride, refractory metal carbide, refractory metal nitride, and refractory metal silicide to the extent present.