Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

An electrophotographic photosensitive member, comprising:

• a support;
• an undercoat layer formed on the support;
• and
• a photosensitive layer formed on the undercoat layer,
• wherein the undercoat layer comprises metal oxide particles and a compound represented by the following formula (1), and
• wherein, in the formula (1),
• R1 to R10 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or an amino group,
• at least one of R1 to R10 is an amino group or a hydroxy group, and
• X1 represents a carbonyl group or a dicarbonyl group.