Run-length limited (rll) codes

A method of decoding a codeword that satisfy a k constraint into an output data, the method comprising:

• converting each bit of the codeword being in Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ) format;
• extracting, from the converted codeword, a plurality of data blocks comprising a first data block and a plurality of remaining data blocks;
• performing a first analysis on the plurality of data blocks for modifying each of the plurality of data blocks that satisfy a first predetermined criterion;
• and
• performing a second analysis on the plurality of data block after the first analysis for modifying each of the plurality of data blocks that satisfy a second predetermined criterion to obtain the output data.

An encoder for encoding an input data into a codeword that satisfy a k constraint, the encoder comprising:

• a partitioning module configured to partition the input data into a plurality of data blocks comprising a first data block and a plurality of remaining data blocks;
• a first analysis module configured to perform a first analysis of the plurality of data blocks for modifying each of the plurality of remaining data blocks that satisfy a first predetermined criterion;
• a second analysis module configured to perform a second analysis of the plurality of data blocks after the first analysis for modifying each of the plurality of data blocks that satisfy a second predetermined criterion;
• and
• a conversion module configured to convert each bit of the plurality of data blocks after the second analysis to produce the codeword in Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ) format that satisfy the k constraint.

A decoder for decoding a codeword that satisfy a k constraint into an output data, the decoder comprising:

• a conversion module configured to convert each bit of the codeword being in Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ) format;
• an extraction module configured to extract, from the converted codeword, a plurality of data blocks comprising a first data block and a plurality of remaining data blocks;
• a first analysis module configured to perform a first analysis on the plurality of data blocks for modifying each of the plurality of data blocks that satisfy a first predetermined criterion;
• and
• a second analysis module configured to perform a second analysis on the plurality of data block after the first analysis module for modifying each of the plurality of data blocks that satisfy a second predetermined criterion to obtain the output data.