# US 2015/0177333 A1 · Method for managing and diagnosing a battery

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- Number: US 2015/0177333 A1
- Document ID: US20150177333A1
- Status: Published application
- Kind: A1
- Application number: 14/419,731
- Filed: 2013-08-06
- Published: 2015-06-25
- Earliest claimed: 2012-08-06
- Assignees: Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives
- Applicants: Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives
- Inventors: Maxime Montaru
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20150177333A1

## CPC

- G01R 31/392: Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
- G01R 31/385: Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables (for monitoring G01R31/382)
- H01M 10/48: Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte (constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569)
- H01M 10/486: {for measuring temperature}
- G01R 31/367: Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
- H01M 2220/20: Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12)
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

A method for managing a battery, characterized in that it includes the following steps: discharging the battery to a full discharge level (E1) and measuring the temperature Tfindch of the battery (E2) when the full discharge level is reached; and charging the battery to a full charge level (E3) and measuring the temperature Tfinch of the battery (E4) when the full charge level is reached, these two steps of charging then discharging or charging then discharging being consecutive.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for managing a battery, comprising:
discharging the battery to a full discharge level (E1) and measuring the temperature Tfindch of the battery (E2) when the full discharge level is reached; and
charging the battery to a full charge level (E3) and measuring the temperature Tfinch of the battery (E4) when the full charge level is reached,
these two steps of charging then discharging or charging then discharging being consecutive; and
calculating the inaccessible charge quantity Qdch(Tfindch) at the end-of-discharge temperature Tfindch following the step of discharging to a level of full discharge of the battery, knowing the relation giving the inaccessible charge quantity Qdch(T) of the battery as a function of the temperature T, and
calculating the maximum admissible charge quantity Qch(Tfinch) of the battery at the end-of-charge temperature Tfinch, by the relation Qch(Tfinch)=qch+Qdch(Tfindch), where qch corresponds to the quantity of charges transmitted to or released by the battery to change from a full discharge level to a full charge level or vice versa.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

Method for managing a battery according to claim 1, wherein the curve showing the change in the maximum admissible charge quantity Qch(T) as a function of the temperature T undergoes a downward vertical translation movement with the ageing of the battery, Qch(T) being equal to F(T)+K, where K is a constant varying as a function of the ageing of the battery and F(T) is a predefined function more or less invariant with the ageing of the battery.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

Method for managing a battery according to claim 1, comprising the following steps at a time t:
discharging the battery to a full discharge level (E1),
measuring or estimating the end-of-discharge temperature Tfindch (E2),
charging the battery to a full charge level and measuring or estimating the charge quantity qch transmitted to the battery (E3),
measuring or estimating the temperature Tfinch at the end of full charging (E4),
determining the maximum admissible charge quantity Qch(Tfinch) of the battery at the end-of-charge temperature Tfinch, by the relation Qch(Tfinch)=qch+Qdch(Tfindch),
OR
charging the battery to a full charge level (E1),
measuring or estimating the end-of-charge temperature Tfinch (E2),
discharging the battery to a full discharge level and measuring or estimating the charge quantity qch released by the battery (E3),
measuring or estimating the temperature Tfindch at the end of full discharging (E4),
determining the maximum admissible charge quantity Qch(Tfinch) of the battery at the end-of-charge temperature Tfinch, by the relation Qch(Tfinch)=qch+Qdch(Tfindch), where Qdch(Tfindch) is the inaccessible charge quantity of the battery at the end-of-discharge temperature Tfindch.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

Method for managing a battery according to claim 2, comprising estimating, at a given time t, the value of a reference capacity Cref(t) of the battery at a reference temperature Tref, Cref corresponding to the maximum admissible charge quantity Qch(Tref) at the reference temperature, minus the inaccessible charge quantity Qdch(Tref) at the reference temperature, the relation Qch(T) concerned being such that Qch(Tfinch) is equal to the previously calculated value qch+Qdch(Tfindch).

### Claim 5 (depends on 3)

Method for managing a battery according to claim 3, additionally comprising determining (E5) the reference capacity Cref(t) from the maximum admissible charge Qch(Tfinch), by means of a function Qref in the following manner: Cref(t)=Qref (Qch(Tfinch), Tfinch).

### Claim 6 (depends on 3)

Method for managing a battery according to claim 3, wherein the measurement or estimation of the charge quantity qch transmitted to or released by the battery during its charging/discharging is obtained by means of the following formula, integrated over the duration of the battery charging/discharging phase: qch=∫I dt, where I is the charging/discharging current.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

Method for managing a battery according to claim 1, comprising assuming that the change in the inaccessible charge quantity Qdch(T) of the battery as a function of the temperature T remains constant with the ageing of the battery.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

Method for managing a battery according to claim 1, comprising calculating the state of health SOH (E6) of the battery at a time t by means of the formula SOH=Cref(t)/Crefo, where Crefo represents the reference capacity of the new battery.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

Method for managing a battery according to claim 1, comprising calculating its state of charge SOC (E7) by means of the following formula:
SOC=(Qch(Tfinch)−qdch−Qdch(Tf))/(Qch(Tfinch)−Qdch(T))
Where
qdch is the charge quantity released by the battery since its last full charging,
Qdch(Tf) is the non-releasable charge quantity, at the estimated end-of-discharge temperature Tf of the battery, which may be parameterizable online or offline according to the application,
Qch(Tfinch) is the maximum admissible charge received by the battery during its last charging.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

Method for managing a battery according claim 1, comprising taking account of the current in order to determine the admissible charge quantities at the end of charging and the inaccessible charge quantities at the end of discharging.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

Battery comprising a computer which carries out the battery management method according to claim 1.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

Battery management system comprising at least one computer which carries out the battery management method according to claim 1.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

Computer medium readable by a management unit comprising a recorded computer program including computer program code means for carrying out the battery management method according to claim 1.

### Claim 14 (depends on 2)

Method for managing a battery according to claim 2, comprising the following steps at a time t:
discharging the battery to a full discharge level (E1),
measuring or estimating the end-of-discharge temperature Tfindch (E2),
charging the battery to a full charge level and measuring or estimating the charge quantity qch transmitted to the battery (E3),
measuring or estimating the temperature Tfinch at the end of full charging (E4),
determining the maximum admissible charge quantity Qch(Tfinch) of the battery at the end-of-charge temperature Tfinch, by the relation Qch(Tfinch)=qch'Qdch(Tfindch),
OR
charging the battery to a full charge level (E1),
measuring or estimating the end-of-charge temperature Tfinch (E2),
discharging the battery to a full discharge level and measuring or estimating the charge quantity qch released by the battery (E3),
measuring or estimating the temperature Tfindch at the end of full discharging (E4),
determining the maximum admissible charge quantity Qch(Tfinch) of the battery at the end-of-charge temperature Tfinch, by the relation Qch(Tfinch)=qch+Qdch(Tfindch), where Qdch(Tfindch) is the inaccessible charge quantity of the battery at the end-of-discharge temperature Tfindch.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

Method for managing a battery according to claim 14, additionally comprising determining (E5) the reference capacity Cref(t) from the maximum admissible charge Qch(Tfinch), by means of a function Qref in the following manner: Cref(t)=Qref(Qch(Tfinch), Tfinch).

### Claim 16 (depends on 14)

Method for managing a battery according to claim 14, wherein the measurement or estimation of the charge quantity qch transmitted to or released by the battery during its charging/discharging is obtained by means of the following formula, integrated over the duration of the battery charging/discharging phase: qch=∫I dt, where I is the charging/discharging current.

### Claim 17 (depends on 4)

Method for managing a battery according to claim 4, additionally comprising determining (E5) the reference capacity Cref(t) from the maximum admissible charge Qch(Tfinch), by means of a function Qref in the following manner: Cref(t)=Qref (Qch(Tfinch), Tfinch).

### Claim 18 (depends on 4)

Method for managing a battery according to claim 4, wherein the measurement or estimation of the charge quantity qch transmitted to or released by the battery during its charging/discharging is obtained by means of the following formula, integrated over the duration of the battery charging/discharging phase: qch=∫I dt, where I is the charging/discharging current.

### Claim 19 (depends on 2)

Method for managing a battery according to claim 2, comprising assuming that the change in the inaccessible charge quantity Qdch(T) of the battery as a function of the temperature T remains constant with the ageing of the battery.

### Claim 20 (depends on 3)

Method for managing a battery according to claim 3, comprising assuming that the change in the inaccessible charge quantity Qdch(T) of the battery as a function of the temperature T remains constant with the ageing of the battery.