A surgical instrument having a modular motor drive unit, which has an output drive assembly with at least one output drive element, which has an instrument shaft, which can be releasably connected to the drive unit, and one input drive assembly with at least one input drive element, wherein the output drive assembly and the input drive assembly can be coupled to one another by means of a mechanical interface, and having a sterile barrier, which is provided for encasing the drive unit, and is to be disposed between the drive unit and the instrument shaft, and having an, in particular pre-tensioned, cuff in the region of the mechanical interface in an adjustment direction of the output drive assembly and the input drive assembly, a seal that can be displaced translationally, a compensation means for compensating for tolerances and/or an element extension, which can be releasably connected to either an output drive element or an input drive element, which passes through the sterile barrier in a destructive manner.