Systems and methods to measure fluid in a body segment

A method (300) to measure fluid in a body segment comprising:

• emitting (block 302) a constant sinusoidal alternating current through a first set of electrodes attached to at least one body segment;
• measuring (block 304) a voltage drop between a second set of electrodes attached to the at least one body segment;
• and
• calculating (block 306) a fluid volume change in the at least one body segment by applying a Nyboer formula after an occurrence of fluid distribution.

An apparatus (500) to measure blood flow comprising:

• a current generator circuit (502) having a plurality of channels, wherein the current generator circuit provides a constant and sinusoidal current;
• a plurality of electrodes (504) connected to the current generator circuit (502) to determine a plurality of electrical impedance readings by applying a four-electrode method to the plurality of electrodes (504);
• a processor (506) attached to the current generator circuit (502) to compute a plurality of calculations, wherein at least one of the plurality of calculations includes applying a Nyboer formula to the plurality of electrical impedance readings;
• and
• a display unit (508) connected to the processor (506) to display numeric values of the plurality of electrical impedance readings and the plurality of calculations.