Systems, Devices, and/or Methods for Solar Cells Comprising a Light Amplification Element

A method comprising a plurality of activities, comprising:

• fabricating a system, said system comprising a light amplification element and a charge transport element, said light amplification element comprising at least one of a light induced physical change element and a light-induced chemical change element, each of said light amplification element and said charge transport element comprising one or more of a graphene layer, graphene oxide, graphene nano platelets, functionalized graphene, a graphene hybrid composite, graphene/superconductor composite, tubular shaped nano carbon, semiconductor powder, thin film, nano wire, and nano rod, said graphene layer having a thickness that is between 0.1 nanometer and 50 micrometers, said charge transport element comprising at least one of a composite of hybrid graphene, a composite of graphene nano platelets, and a polymer, when exposed to light energy, said system adapted to undergo at least one of:
• a light induced physical change in which an electron-hole pair is generated and separated into a substantially free electron and a substantially free hole;
• and
• a light-induced chemical change in which an electron-proton pair is generated and separated into a substantially free proton and substantially free electron;
• wherein said light amplification element is adapted to:
• adsorb light energy,
• generate said electron-hole pair or said electron-proton pair;
• generate a plurality of free electrons, free holes, or free protons from an absorbed single photon;
• and
• via at least one of reducing agent or oxidizing agent, repeatedly perform a process described in Model 1 or Model 2:
• in which M is a metal, H is hydrogen, R is a compound comprising one or more of Cl, Br, I, F, alkyl, alkenes, phenyl, aryl, alkenyl, and arylalkane, said arylalkane comprising at least one substitute group selected from —OH, —COOH, —SO3H, —SH, —NO2, —CN, —SO3H, —NR1R2, —CH2OH, —SO2, and —SO2Cl.

A system comprising:

• a light amplification element and a charge transport element, said light amplification element comprising at least one of a light induced physical change element and a light-induced chemical change element, each of said light amplification element and said charge transport element comprising one or more of a graphene layer, graphene oxide, graphene nano platelets, functionalized graphene, a graphene hybrid composite, graphene/superconductor composite, tubular shape nano carbon, semiconductor powder, thin film, nano wire, nano rod, said graphene layer having a thickness that is between 0.1 nanometer and 50 micrometers, said charge transport element comprising at least one of a composite of hybrid graphene, a composite of graphene nano platelets, a polymer, when exposed to light energy, said solar cell adapted to undergo at least one of:
• a light induced physical change in which an electron-hole pair is generated and separated into a substantially free electron and a substantially free hole;
• and
• a light-induced chemical change in which an electron-proton pair is generated and separated into a substantially free proton and substantially free electron;
• wherein said light amplification element is adapted to:
• adsorb photon energy;
• generate said electron-hole pair or said electron-proton pair, and
• multiply a plurality of free electrons, free holes, or free protons from an absorbed single photon;
• via at least one of reducing agent or oxidizing agent, repeatedly perform a process described in Model 1 and Model 2:
• in which M is a metal, H is hydrogen, R is a compound comprising one or more of Cl, Br, I, F, alkyl, alkenes, phenyl, aryl, alkenyl, and arylalkane, said arylalkane comprising at least one substitute group selected from —OH, —SH, —COOH, —NO2, —CN, —SO3H, —NR1R2, —RCH2OH, —SO2, —SO2Cl.