Measurement Apparatuses and Methods Using a Combined Substance Cooling Device

A measurement method comprising:

• using a cooling device including two separated, different substances exhibiting an endothermic reaction when combined;
• using a combining mechanism of the cooling device, combining the two different substances;
• using the combined substances, decreasing a temperature of the cooling device;
• using a contacting mechanism, contacting an assay surface of a subject's body with the cooling device and thereby decreasing a temperature of the assay surface of the subject's body to a lower temperature;
• after decreasing the temperature of the assay surface using the cooling device, using a temperature measurement device and measuring a temperature of the assay surface of the subject's body during an increase of the temperature of the assay surface from the lower temperature;
• using an infrared radiation detector and measuring infrared radiation emitted from or absorbed by the assay surface during the temperature increase from the lower temperature;
• and
• using a data processor, determining a concentration of a substance in the subject's body using the measured temperature of the assay surface and the measured infrared radiation.

A cooling device comprising:

• a rigid shell including a base, a lid that attaches to the base, and an opening through the lid;
• a flexible bag having a size and shape configured to fit within the shell with the lid closed and expose the bag above the opening through the lid, the bag containing a first of the two different substances;
• a pouch within the flexible bag containing a second of the two different substances, the pouch being configured to release the second substance into the first substance upon opening the pouch;
• and
• a mounting edge on opposing sides of the rigid shell, the mounting edge being configured to mount the cooling device to a measurement apparatus in a position