Inhibitors of cognitive decline

A method of inhibiting, treating, and/or abatement of cognitive decline and/or Alzheimer's disease in a patient comprising administering to the patient a compound according to Formula I:

• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• R1 is selected from (A1) and (A2):
• R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are each, independently, selected from H, OH, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, halo, CN, NO2, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, NH2, NH(C1-4 alkyl), NH(C1-7 cycloalkyl), N(C1-4 alkyl)2, NHC(O)(C1-4 alkyl), SH, S(C1-6 alkyl), C(O)ORa, C(O)Rb, C(O)NRcRd, OC(O)Rb, OC(O)NRcRd, NRcRd, NRcC(O)Rb, NRcC(O)ORa, NRcS(O)2Rb, NRcS(O)2NRcRd, S(O)Rb, S(O)2Rb, and S(O)2NRcRd;
• R7 is H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, or C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R8 is C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, or C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R9 is H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, or C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R10 is H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, or C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R11 is H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, or C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R12, R13, R14, R15, and R16 are each, independently, selected from H, OH, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, halo, CN, NO, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, NH2, NH(C1-4 alkyl), NH(C3-7 cycloalkyl), N(C1-4 alkyl)2, NHC(O)(C1-4 alkyl), SH, S(C1-6 alkyl), C(O)ORa1, C(O)Rb1, C(O)NRc1Rd1, OC(O)Rb1, OC(O)NRc1Rd1, NRc1, Rd1, NRc1C(O)Rb1, NRc1C(O)ORa1, NRc1S(O)2Rb1, NRc1S(O)2NRc1Rd1, S(O)Rb1, S(O)2Rb1, and S(O)2NRc1Rd1;
• each Ra is independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocycloalkyl, wherein each of the C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from OH, CN, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl;
• each Rb is independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl, wherein each of the C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from OH, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl;
• Rc and Rd are independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl, wherein each of the C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C1-6 alkenyl, C1-6 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from OH, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl;
• or Rc and Rd together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group that is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from OH, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl;
• each Ra1 is independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C7-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocycloalkyl, wherein each of the C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from OH, CN, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl;
• each Rb1 is independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C7-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl, wherein each of the C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from OH, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl;
• Rc1 and Rd2 are independently selected from H, C1-10alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl, wherein each of the C1-10alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from OH, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl;
• or Rc1 and Rd1 together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group that is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from OH, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl;
• and
• m is 0, 1, or 2,
• with the proviso that
• (a) when R1 is a moiety of (A1), then two of R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are independently selected from OH, C1-6 alkoxy, and C1-6haloalkoxy;
• and
• (b) when R1 is a moiety of (A1), then at least one of R12, R13, R14, R15, and R16 is other than H.

A method of inhibiting or abating binding of one or more Abeta oligomers to a neuronal cell, comprising contacting the neuronal cell with an effective amount of an amyloid beta oligomer inhibitory compound according to Formula I:

• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
• R1 is selected from (A1) and (A2):
• R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are each, independently, selected from H, OH, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, halo, CN, NO2, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, NH2, NH(C1-4 alkyl), NH(C3-7 cycloalkyl), N(C1-4 alkyl)2, NHC(O)(C1-4 alkyl), SH, S(C1-6 alkyl), C(O)ORa, C(O)Rb, C(O)NRcRd, OC(O)Rb, OC(O)NRcRd, NRcRd, NRcC(O)Rb, NRcC(O)ORa, NRcS(O)2Rb, NRcS(O)2NRcRd, S(O)Rb, S(O)2Rb, and S(O)2NRcRd;
• R7 is H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, or C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R8 is C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, or C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R9 is H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, or C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R10 is H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, or C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R11 is H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, or C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R12, R13, R14, R15, and R16 are each, independently, selected from H, OH, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, halo, CN, NO2, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, NH2, NH(C1-4 alkyl), NH(C3-7 cycloalkyl), N(C1-4 alkyl)2, NHC(O)(C1-4 alkyl), SH, S(C1-6 alkyl), C(O)ORa1, C(O)Rb1, C(O)NRc1Rd1, OC(O)Rb1, OC(O)NRc1Rd1, NRc1Rd1, NRc1C(O)Rb1, NRc1C(O)ORa1, NRc1S(O)2Rb1, NRc1S(O)2NRc1Rd1, S(O)Rc1, S(O)2Rb1, and S(O)2NRc1Rd1;
• each Ra is independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocycloalkyl, wherein each of the C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from OH, CN, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl;
• each Rb is independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl, wherein each of the C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from OH, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl;
• Rc and Rd are independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl, wherein each of the C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from OH, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl;
• or Rc and Rd together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group that is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from OH, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl;
• each Ra1 is independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocycloalkyl, wherein each of the C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from OH, CN, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl;
• each Rb1 is independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl, wherein each of the C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from OH, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl;
• Rc1 and Rd2 are independently selected from H, C1-10 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl, wherein each of the C1-10 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from OH, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl;
• or Rc1 and Rd1 together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group that is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from OH, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl;
• and
• m is 0, 1, or 2,
• with the proviso that
• (a) when R1 is a moiety of (A1), then two of R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are independently selected from OH, C1-6alkoxy, and C1-6haloalkoxy;
• and
• (b) when R1 is a moiety of (A1), then at least one of R12, R13, R14, R15, and R16 is other than H.

A method to inhibit, treat, or abate the activity/effect of an Abeta oligomer on a neuronal cell, the method comprising administering an effective amount of a composition comprising

• a. a compound of formula I:
• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
• and
• b. a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein R1 is selected from (A1) and (A2):
• R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are each, independently, selected from H, OH, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, halo, CN, NO2, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, NH2, NH(C1-4 alkyl), NH(C3-7 cycloalkyl), N(C1-4 alkyl)2, NHC(O)(C1-4 alkyl), SH, S(C1-6 alkyl), C(O)ORa, C(O)Rb, C(O)NRcRd, OC(O)Rb, OC(O)NRcRd, NRcRd, NRcC(O)Rb, NRcC(O)ORa, NRcS(O)2Rb, NRcS(O)2NRcRd, S(O)Rb, S(O)2Rb, and S(O)2NRcRd;
• R7 is H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, or C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R8 is C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, or C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R9 is H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, or C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R10 is H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, or C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R11 is H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, or C3-7 cycloalkyl;
• R12, R13, R14, R15, and R16 are each, independently, selected from H, OH, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, halo, CN, NO2, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, NH2, NH(C1-4 alkyl), NH(C3-7 cycloalkyl), N(C1-4 alkyl)2, NHC(O)(C1-4 alkyl), SH, S(C1-6 alkyl), C(O)ORa1, C(O)Rb1, C(O)NRc1Rd1, OC(O)Rb1, OC(O)NRc1Rd1, NRc1Rd1, NRc1C(O)Rb1, NRc1C(O)ORa1, NRc1S(O)2Rb1, NRc1S(O)2NRc1Rd1, S(O)Rb1, S(O)2Rb1, and S(O)2NRc1Rd1;
• each Ra is independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocycloalkyl, wherein each of the C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from OH, CN, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl;
• each Rb is independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl, wherein each of the C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from OH, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl;
• Rc and Rd are independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl, wherein each of the C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from OH, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl;
• or Rc and Rd together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group that is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from OH, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl;
• each Ra1 is independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocycloalkyl, wherein each of the C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl and heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from OH, CN, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl;
• each Rb1 is independently selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl, wherein each of the C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from OH, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl;
• Rc1 and Rd2 are independently selected from H, C1-10 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl, wherein each of the C1-10 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and heterocycloalkylalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from OH, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl;
• or Rc1 and Rd1 together with the N atom to which they are attached form a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocycloalkyl group that is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from OH, amino, halo, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C1-6 haloalkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocycloalkyl;
• and
• m is 0, 1, or 2,
• with the proviso that
• (a) when R1 is a moiety of (A1), then two of R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are independently selected from OH, C1-6 alkoxy, and C1-6 haloalkoxy;
• and
• (b) when R1 is a moiety of (A1), then at least one of R12, R13, R14, R15, and R16 is other than H.