# US 2014/0360084 A1 · Elasmobranch-repelling electropositive metals and methods of use > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 2014/0360084 A1 - Document ID: US20140360084A1 - Status: Published application - Kind: A1 - Application number: 14/304,654 - Filed: 2014-06-13 - Published: 2014-12-11 - Earliest claimed: 2006-05-08 - Inventors: ERIC MATTHEW STROUD - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US20140360084A1 ## CPC - A01K 97/00: Accessories for angling (fish stringers A01K65/00; landing-nets or landing-spoons for fishing A01K77/00) - A01K 79/02: by electrocution - A01K 83/00: Fish-hooks - A01K 91/06: Apparatus on lines not otherwise provided for, e.g. automatic hookers - A01K 91/18: Trotlines, longlines; Accessories therefor, e.g. baiting devices, lifters or setting reelers - A01M 29/24: using electric or magnetic effects, e.g. electric shocks, magnetic fields or microwaves - B63B 32/70: Accessories not specially adapted for a particular type of board, e.g. paddings or buoyancy elements - B63C 11/02: Divers' equipment - A01K: ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS - A01M: CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS (appliances for catching swarms or drone-catching A01K57/00; fishing A01K69/00 - {A01K99/00}; biocides, pest repellants or attractants A01N); APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS - B63B: SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING (arrangements of vessel ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning B63J2/00; floating substructures as supports of dredgers or soil-shifting machines E02F9/06) - B63C: LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS (floating nets, floating slipways, or the like for recovering aircraft from the water B63B35/52) ## Abstract Devices and methods are disclosed for repelling elasmobranchs with electropositive metals, including apparatuses and methods for reducing by-catch in commercial fisheries and protecting humans from attacks by elasmobranchs. ## Claims ### Claim at position 1 1-22. (canceled) ### Claim 23 A method for repelling an elasmobranch comprising the use of an electropositive metal lacking permanent magnetism; wherein the electropositive metal is used in combination with at least one apparatus associated with fishing; and wherein the electropositive metal has a revised Pauling electronegativity sufficient to repel an elasmobranch. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The method of claim 23, wherein the electropositive metal has a revised Pauling electronegativity less than 1.32 and cathode half-cell standard electrode potential greater than 2.00 volts in aqueous solution. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The method of claim 24, wherein the electropositive metal is selected from the group consisting of Lanthanum, Cerium, Praseodynium, Neodymium, Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium, Terbium, Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Ytterbium, Lutetium, Yttrium, Scandium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Lithium, Cerium Mischmetal, Neodymium-Praseodymium Mischmetal, Ferrocerium, Lanthanum Mischmetal, separately or in combination. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The method of claim 25, wherein the electropositive metal is magnesium. ### Claim 27 (depends on 25) The method of claim 25, wherein the apparatus associated with fishing is a fishing hook and/or fishing tackle ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The method of claim 27, wherein the fishing tackle is at least one of the following selected from the group consisting of: a buoy, a net, a longline, a main line, a gangion, a branchline, and a weight. ### Claim 29 (depends on 25) The method of claim 25, wherein the apparatus associated with fishing is a fishing hook. ### Claim 30 (depends on 25) The method of claim 25, wherein electropositive metal has a shape of a cylinder, a cone, a circle, a cube, a disk, a bar, a sphere, a plate, a rod, a ring, a tube, a stick, a block, or a tapered cone. ### Claim 31 (depends on 25) The method of claim 25, wherein the elasmobranch is at least one of the following selected from the group consisting of: Galeomorphii, Squalomorphii, Batoidea, Squaliformes, Carcharhinifromes, Lamniformes, Rajiformes, Pristiformes, Torpediniformes, and Oretolobiforms. ### Claim 32 A method for repelling an elasmobranch comprising the use of an electropositive metal lacking permanent magnetism; wherein the electropositive metal is attached to a human body, or to clothing or accessories associated with the human body; and wherein the electropositive metal has a revised Pauling electronegativity sufficient to repel an elasmobranch. ### Claim 33 (depends on 32) The method of claim 32, wherein the electropositive metal has a revised Pauling electronegativity less than 1.32 and cathode half-cell standard electrode potential greater than 2.00 volts in aqueous solution. ### Claim 34 (depends on 33) The method of claim 33, wherein the electropositive metal is selected from the group consisting of Lanthanum, Cerium, Praseodynium, Neodymium, Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium, Terbium, Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Ytterbium, Lutetium, Yttrium, Scandium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Lithium, Cerium Mischmetal, Neodymium-Praseodymium Mischmetal, Ferrocerium, Lanthanum Mischmetal, separately or in combination. ### Claim 35 (depends on 34) The method of claim 34, wherein the electropositive metal is attached to a swim suit. ### Claim 36 (depends on 34) The method of claim 34, wherein the electropositive metal is used in combination with dive equipment. ### Claim 37 (depends on 34) The method of claim 34, wherein the electropositive metal is a bracelet attached to a human ankle or wrist. ### Claim 38 A method for repelling an elasmobranch comprising the use of an electropositive metal lacking permanent magnetism; wherein the electropositive metal is attached to a surfboard; wherein the electropositive metal is part of an apparatus associated with fishing; and wherein the electropositive metal has a revised Pauling electronegativity sufficient to repel an elasmobranch. ### Claim 39 (depends on 38) The method of claim 38, wherein the electropositive metal has a revised Pauling electronegativity less than 1.32 and cathode half-cell standard electrode potential greater than 2.00 volts in aqueous solution. ### Claim 40 (depends on 39) The method of claim 39, wherein the electropositive metal is selected from the group consisting of Lanthanum, Cerium, Praseodynium, Neodymium, Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium, Terbium, Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Ytterbium, Lutetium, Yttrium, Scandium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Lithium, Cerium Mischmetal, Neodymium-Praseodymium Mischmetal, Ferrocerium, Lanthanum Mischmetal, separately or in combination.