Treatment of sleep-wake disorders

A method of treating Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) in a subject, comprising the step of administration, to a subject in need of such treatment, of a therapeutically effective amount of an enantiomer of Formula I substantially free of other enantiomers or an enantiomeric mixture wherein one enantiomer of Formula I predominates;

• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof wherein
• R is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, halogen selected from F, Cl, Br and I, alkoxy containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, nitro, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, and thioalkoxy containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms;
• x is an integer of 1 to 3, with the proviso that R may be the same or different when x is 2 or 3;
• and
• R1 and R2 can be the same or different from each other and are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, aryl, arylalkyl, and cycloalkyl of 3 to 7 carbon atoms.

A method of increasing active wakefulness or alertness in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of the Formula (I):

• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof wherein
• R is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, halogen selected from F, Cl, Br and I, alkoxy containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, nitro, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, and thioalkoxy containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms;
• x is an integer of 1 to 3, with the proviso that R may be the same or different when x is 2 or 3;
• and
• R1 and R2 can be the same or different from each other and are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, aryl, arylalkyl, and cycloalkyl of 3 to 7 carbon atoms;
• wherein the subject has a central nervous system (CNS) pathologic abnormality, stroke, narcolepsy, idiopathic CNS hypersomnia, sleep deficiency, sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea, insufficient nocturnal sleep, chronic pain, acute pain, Parkinson's disease, urinary incontinence, multiple sclerosis fatigue, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer's disorder, bipolar disorder, cardiac ischemia, misalignments of the body's circadian pacemaker with the environment, or jet lag;
• or the subject is doing shift work or taking sedating drugs.

A method of increasing active wakefulness or alertness in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an enantiomer of Formula I substantially free of other enantiomers or an enantiomeric mixture wherein one enantiomer of Formula I predominates;

• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof wherein
• R is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, halogen selected from F, Cl, Br and I, alkoxy containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, nitro, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, and thioalkoxy containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms;
• x is an integer of 1 to 3, with the proviso that R may be the same or different when x is 2 or 3;
• and
• R1 and R2 can be the same or different from each other and are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, aryl, arylalkyl, and cycloalkyl of 3 to 7 carbon atoms;
• wherein the subject has a central nervous system (CNS) pathologic abnormality, stroke, narcolepsy, idiopathic CNS hypersomnia, sleep deficiency, sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea, insufficient nocturnal sleep, chronic pain, acute pain, Parkinson's disease, urinary incontinence, multiple sclerosis fatigue, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer's disorder, bipolar disorder, cardiac ischemia, misalignments of the body's circadian pacemaker with the environment, or jet lag;
• or the subject is doing shift work or taking sedating drugs.