Structurally enhanced plastics with filler reinforcements

An improved method of flowing a fluid through equipment where the flowing fluid has a stream velocity (U) and a boundary layer flow velocity (u), wherein parameters are affected by filler loading, heat transfer, shear effects and chemical reactions, wherein the improvement comprises the step of:

• defining a particle theoretical starting diameter as a height measured to a surface where u=0.99 U;
• incorporating particles into said fluid, said particles having a sharp conchoidal surface and a complex three dimensional surface area, said particles having an aspect ratio greater than 0.7, said particles having a diameter approximately equal to said theoretical starting diameter.

An improved additive for use in a fluid flowing through equipment where the flowing fluid has a stream velocity (U) and a boundary layer flow velocity (u), wherein parameters are affected by filler loading, heat transfer, shear effects and chemical reactions, wherein the improvement comprises:

• particles having a sharp conchoidal surface and a complex three-dimensional surface area, said particles having an aspect ratio greater than 0.7, said particles having a diameter approximately equal to said theoretical starting diameter;
• wherein said particle theoretical starting diameter is defined by a height measured to a surface where u=0.99 U.

The improved additive according to claim 24 wherein said particles are incorporated into a fire retardant.

The improved additive according to claim 24 wherein said particles are incorporated into a heat transfer fluid.

The improved additive according to claim 24 wherein said particles are incorporated into a pigment.