Methods for the fabrication of graphene nanoribbon arrays using block copolymer lithography

A method of fabricating a graphene nanoribbon array, the method comprising:

• forming a graphoepitaxy channel over a graphene substrate, the channel comprising side walls and a floor;
• depositing a layer of a surface-modifying copolymer on the side walls and the floor of the channel;
• depositing a block copolymer in the channel and subjecting the block copolymer to conditions under which spatial confinement of the block copolymer by the channel induces the block copolymer to self-assemble into either a plurality of lamellar domains in which the lamellae are oriented perpendicular with respect to the graphene substrate surface and perpendicular with respect to the channel side walls or into a plurality of cylindrical domains in which the cylinders are oriented parallel with respect to the graphene substrate surface and perpendicular with respect to the channel side walls, such that the self-assembled block copolymer layer defines a striped pattern over the graphene substrate;
• and
• transferring the striped pattern into the graphene substrate to provide the graphene nanoribbon array.