Method for exploiting a geological reservoir by means of a matched reservoir model consistent with the flow properties

A method for exploiting a geological reservoir according to an exploitation scheme defined using a reservoir model comprising a meshing associated with at least one parameter of the reservoir, the reservoir being passed through by at least one production well and at least one injection well for the injection of at least one fluid into the reservoir, with dynamic data being acquired during exploitation, the method comprising:

• a) generating a first reservoir model for which a breakthrough time is estimated by the first reservoir model which is representative of the breakthrough time measured for the reservoir, the breakthrough time being a time elapsed at which the injected fluid is detected at the at least one production well;
• b) the first reservoir model is implemented by execution of software on a computer and is constructed by modifying the first reservoir model by the steps:
• i) an objective function is determined that measures a difference between acquired dynamic data and dynamic data simulated by the first reservoir model and a flow simulator;
• ii) reiterating step i) to minimize the objective function after modification of the first reservoir model;
• c) determining an optimal exploitation scheme for the reservoir by simulating exploitation of the reservoir by the first reservoir model and of the flow simulator;
• and
• d) exploiting the reservoir by implementing the optimal exploitation scheme.