Methods of using biomarkers for predicting the outcome of an immunotherapy against cancer

A method for predicting an effect of an immunotherapy in a patient, comprising

• a) determining a level of at least one marker selected from the group consisting of Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), CCL17/TARC, eosinophils, monocytes, CD95/Fas, aspartate aminotransferase/serum glutamic oxaloacetic acid transaminase (ASAT/SGOT), cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), threonine, immunoglobulin E (IgE), and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) in a sample from said patient, wherein an increase or higher level of said marker as compared to a median level of said marker in a given patient population is indicative of a beneficial effect of an immunotherapy for said patient,
• and/or
• b) determining a level of at least one marker selected from the group consisting of B-cell attracting chemokine (CXCL13/BCA-1), neutrophils, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and short-chain acylcarnitines in a sample from said patient, wherein a decrease or lower level of said marker compared to a median level of said marker in a given patient population is indicative of a beneficial effect of an immunotherapy for said patient.