Battery pack and method for minimizing cell voltage deviations

A method of reducing voltage deviations between battery cells within a battery pack, the battery pack comprising a plurality of battery racks, each of the battery racks comprising a plurality of battery cells, the method comprising:

• electrically connecting a first terminal of a bidirectional inverter to positive terminals of the battery racks and electrically connecting a second terminal of the bidirectional inverter to negative terminals of the battery racks;
• electrically connecting a plurality of switch sets to the battery racks, each of the switch sets configured to electrically connect the bidirectional inverter and one of the battery racks;
• electrically connecting each one of a plurality of battery rack management systems to one of the battery racks, each of the battery rack management systems configured to reduce voltage deviations between the battery cells included in the connected battery rack below a first predetermined value;
• and
• electrically connecting a main battery management system to each of the battery rack management systems, the main battery management system configured to reduce voltage deviations between the battery racks below a second predetermined value.